Editing Violence (section)

=== Targeted ===
Several rare but painful episodes of [[assassination]], attempted assassination and [[school shooting]]s at elementary, middle, high schools, as well as colleges and universities in the United States, led to a considerable body of research on ascertainable behaviors of persons who have planned or carried out such attacks. These studies (1995–2002) investigated what the authors called "targeted violence," described the "path to violence" of those who planned or carried out attacks and laid out suggestions for law enforcement and educators. A major point from these research studies is that targeted violence does not just "come out of the blue".<ref>Fein, R.A., Vossekuil, B. & Holden, G. Threat Assessment: an approach to prevent targeted violence. NCJ 155000. Research in Action, September 1995, U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, Washington, D.C.</ref><ref>Fein, R.A. & Vossekuil, B. "Assassination in the United States: an operational study of recent assassins, attackers, and near-lethal approaches". ''Journal of Forensic Sciences'', 1999. 50: pp. 321–33</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vossekuil B. |author2=Borum R. |author3=Fein R.A. |author4=Reddy M. | title = Preventing targeted violence against judicial officials and courts | journal = Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science | volume = 2001 | issue = 576| pages = 78–90 }}</ref><ref>Fein, R.A., Vossekuil, B., Pollack, W., Borum, R., Reddy, M.,& Modzeleski, W. Threat assessment in schools: A guide to managing threatening situations and creating safe school climates. U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Secret Service, May 2002</ref><ref>Reddy, M., Borum, R., Vossekuil, B., Fein, R.A., Berglund, J., & Modzeleski, W. "Evaluating risk for targeted violence in schools: Comparing risk assessment, threat assessment, and other approaches" in ''Psychology in the Schools'', 2001. 38 (2): pp. 157–72</ref><ref>Borum, R., Fein, R.A., Vossekuil, B. & Berglund, J. "Threat assessment: Defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence". ''Behavioral Sciences and the Law'', 1999. 17: pp. 323–37</ref>