Editing Vesicle (biology and chemistry) (section)

===Artificial vesicles===
{{See also|Unilamellar liposome}}
Artificial vesicles are classified into three groups based on their size: small unilamellar liposomes/vesicles (SUVs) with a size range of 20–100&nbsp;nm, large unilamellar liposomes/vesicles (LUVs) with a size range of 100–1000&nbsp;nm and giant unilamellar liposomes/vesicles (GUVs) with a size range of 1–200&nbsp;μm.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Walde P, Cosentino K, Engel H, Stano P | title = Giant vesicles: preparations and applications | journal = ChemBioChem | volume = 11 | issue = 7 | pages = 848–65 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20336703 | doi = 10.1002/cbic.201000010 | s2cid = 30723166 }}</ref> Smaller vesicles in the same size range as trafficking vesicles found in living cells are frequently used in [[biochemistry]] and related fields. For such studies, a homogeneous phospholipid vesicle suspension can be prepared by extrusion or [[sonication]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barenholz Y, Gibbes D, Litman BJ, Goll J, Thompson TE, Carlson RD | title = A simple method for the preparation of homogeneous phospholipid vesicles | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 16 | issue = 12 | pages = 2806–10 | date = June 1977 | pmid = 889789 | doi = 10.1021/bi00631a035 }}</ref> or by rapid injection of a phospholipid solution into an aqueous buffer solution.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Batzri S, Korn ED | title = Single bilayer liposomes prepared without sonication | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes | volume = 298 | issue = 4 | pages = 1015–9 | date = April 1973 | pmid = 4738145 | doi = 10.1016/0005-2736(73)90408-2 }}</ref> In this way, aqueous vesicle solutions can be prepared of different phospholipid composition, as well as different sizes of vesicles. Larger synthetically made vesicles such as GUVs are used for in vitro studies in [[cell biology]] in order to mimic cell membranes. These vesicles are large enough to be studied using traditional fluorescence light microscopy. A variety of methods exist to encapsulate biological reactants like protein solutions within such vesicles, making GUVs an ideal system for the in vitro recreation (and investigation) of cell functions in cell-like model membrane environments.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Litschel T, Schwille P | title = Protein Reconstitution Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles | journal = Annual Review of Biophysics | date = March 2021 | volume = 50 | pages = 525–548 | pmid = 33667121 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-biophys-100620-114132 | s2cid = 232131463 }}</ref> These methods include microfluidic methods, which allow for a high-yield production of vesicles with consistent sizes.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sato Y, Takinoue M | title = Creation of Artificial Cell-Like Structures Promoted by Microfluidics Technologies | journal = Micromachines | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 216 | date = March 2019 | pmid = 30934758 | pmc = 6523379 | doi = 10.3390/mi10040216 | doi-access = free }}</ref>