Editing Uzbekistan (section)

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Uzbekistan}}
[[File:Real GDP per capita development of Uzbekistan.svg|thumb|Development of real GDP per capita]]
Uzbekistan mines 80 tons of gold annually, seventh in the world. In 2015, Uzbekistan's gold production was 102 metric tons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our world in data- Gold production, 1681 to 2015 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gold-production?tab=table }}</ref> Uzbekistan's copper deposits rank tenth in the world and its uranium deposits twelfth. The country's uranium production ranks seventh globally.<ref>[http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf75.html Supply of Uranium] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509123211/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf75.html |date=9 May 2008 }}. World Nuclear Association. August 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.euronuclear.org/info/encyclopedia/u/uranium-reserves.htm Uranium resources] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522121613/http://www.euronuclear.org/info/encyclopedia/u/uranium-reserves.htm |date=22 May 2008 }}. European Nuclear Society</ref><ref>[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/statistics/worldStatistics.html The World Mineral Statistics dataset: 100 years and counting] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020095042/http://www.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/statistics/worldStatistics.html |date=20 October 2013 }}. British Geological Survey</ref> The Uzbek national gas company, [[Uzbekneftegas|Uzbekneftegaz]], ranks 11th in the world in natural gas production with an annual output of {{convert|60|to(-)|70|e9m3|abbr=off}}. The country has significant untapped reserves of oil and gas: there are 194 deposits of hydrocarbons in Uzbekistan, including 98 condensate and natural gas deposits and 96 gas condensate deposits.<ref>{{cite web |title=New head of NHC Uzbekneftegaz appointed |url=http://www.gazprom-international.com/en/news-media/articles/new-head-nhc-uzbekneftegaz-appointed |website=Gazprom International |publisher=Gazprom |access-date=21 April 2019 |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421182440/http://www.gazprom-international.com/en/news-media/articles/new-head-nhc-uzbekneftegaz-appointed |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://invest-in-uzbekistan.org/en/ekonomika/|title=Economy|website=Invest in Uzbekistan|publisher=Uzbekistani Government|access-date=21 April 2019}}</ref>

Uzbekistan improved marginally in the ''2020 Ease of Doing Business'' ranking by the [[World Bank]].<ref name="edbwb2020">{{cite web |title=2020 Ease of Doing Business report |url=https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/data/exploreeconomies/uzbekistan |publisher=The World Bank}}</ref>
The largest corporations involved in Uzbekistan's energy sector are the [[China National Petroleum Corporation]] (CNPC), [[Petronas]], the [[Korea National Oil Corporation]], [[Gazprom]], [[Lukoil]], and [[Uzbekneftegas|Uzbekneftegaz]].{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}

Along with many [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] or CIS economies, Uzbekistan's economy declined during the first years of transition and then recovered after 1995, as the cumulative effect of policy reforms began to be felt.<ref>{{cite news |title=Republic of Uzbekistan |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/UZB |newspaper=Imf |access-date=22 April 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422080928/https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/UZB |url-status=live }}</ref> It has shown robust growth, rising by 4% per year between 1998 and 2003 and accelerating thereafter to 7%–8% per year. According to IMF estimates,<ref name=imf>[http://www.imf.org/external/data.htm IMF World Economic Outlook Database] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006220934/http://www.imf.org/external/data.htm |date=6 October 2014 }}, October 2007</ref> the GDP in 2008 will be almost double its value in 1995 (in constant prices). Since 2003, annual inflation rates varied, reaching almost 40% in 2010 and less than 20% in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) - Uzbekistan {{!}} Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.KD.ZG?end=2019&locations=UZ&start=1988&view=chart|access-date=5 January 2021|website=data.worldbank.org|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417210507/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.KD.ZG?end=2019&locations=UZ&start=1988&view=chart|url-status=live}}</ref>

Uzbekistan has a GNI per capita of US$2,020 in current dollars in 2018, giving a [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]] equivalent of US$7,230.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Bank Country Profile |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/views/reports/reportwidget.aspx?Report_Name=CountryProfile&Id=b450fd57&tbar=y&dd=y&inf=n&zm=n&country=UZB |website=World Bank |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=9 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309215328/https://databank.worldbank.org/views/reports/reportwidget.aspx?Report_Name=CountryProfile&Id=b450fd57&tbar=y&dd=y&inf=n&zm=n&country=UZB |url-status=live }}</ref> Economic production is concentrated in commodities. In 2011, Uzbekistan was the world's seventh-largest producer and fifth-largest exporter of [[cotton]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cotton.org/econ/cropinfo/cropdata/rankings.cfm |title=The National Cotton Council of America: Rankings |year=2011 |access-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415113812/http://www.cotton.org/econ/cropinfo/cropdata/rankings.cfm |archive-date=15 April 2012 }}</ref> as well as the seventh-largest world producer of gold. It is also a regionally significant producer of natural gas, coal, copper, oil, silver and uranium.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=UZ&RegionCode=ASI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827203828/http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=UZ&RegionCode=ASI |archive-date=27 August 2010 |title=Country Profile: Uzbekistan |agency=IRIN |access-date=2 May 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Agriculture in Uzbekistan|Agriculture]] employs 27% of Uzbekistan's labour force and contributes 17.4% of its GDP (2012 data).<ref name=uzstat/> Cultivable land is 4.4 million hectares, or about 10% of Uzbekistan's total area. While official unemployment is very low, underemployment – especially in rural areas – is estimated to be at least 20%.<ref name=cia1>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/en/435-analiticheskie-materialy-en1/2075-demographic-situation-in-the-republic-of-uzbekistan|title=Demographic situation in the Republic of Uzbekistan|publisher=The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on statistics|access-date=28 January 2011|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117233559/https://stat.uz/en/435-analiticheskie-materialy-en1/2075-demographic-situation-in-the-republic-of-uzbekistan|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cotton production in Uzbekistan]] is important to the national economy of the country.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news |title=Cotton production linked to images of the dried up Aral Sea basin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-fashion-blog/2014/oct/01/cotton-production-linked-to-images-of-the-dried-up-aral-sea-basin |work=The Guardian |date=1 October 2014 |access-date=18 August 2019 |archive-date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325050154/https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-fashion-blog/2014/oct/01/cotton-production-linked-to-images-of-the-dried-up-aral-sea-basin |url-status=live }}</ref> Uzbek cotton is even used to make banknotes in South Korea.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bs-agro.com/index.php/news/other-countries/23906-uzbekistan-korean-government-uses-uzbek-cotton-to-make-banknotes |title=Uzbekistan: Korean government uses Uzbek cotton to make banknotes |publisher=BS-AGRO |date=12 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220192936/http://bs-agro.com/index.php/news/other-countries/23906-uzbekistan-korean-government-uses-uzbek-cotton-to-make-banknotes |archive-date=20 December 2013 }}</ref> Uzbek cotton exports have become the cause of a scandal related to the Russian-Ukrainian war and sanctions imposed on the Russian military industry. According to the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP), Vlast, and iStories, after 24 February 2022, Uzbekistan significantly increased its exports of cotton pulp and nitrocellulose to Russia, key components for the manufacture of explosives and gunpowder. According to Ekonomichna Pravda, at least two large Uzbek exporters have been working with Russian military-industrial complex enterprises. Documents from the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation confirm that at least three Russian companies - Bina Group, Khimtrade, and Lenakhim - sold imported cotton pulp in Russia to military plants under US sanctions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/central-asian-cotton-powers-russias-sanctioned-gunpowder-plants|title=Central Asian Cotton Powers Russia's Sanctioned Gunpowder Plants|work=OCCRP |access-date=30 January 2024|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202104349/https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/central-asian-cotton-powers-russias-sanctioned-gunpowder-plants|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/articles/2024/01/10/7436569/
|title=White and fluffy death. How Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan help Russians produce gunpowder
|access-date=30 January 2024
|archive-date=4 February 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204111607/https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/articles/2024/01/10/7436569/
|url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bbc.com/russian/articles/c51d7n1ze92o|title= Порох, хлопок и принудительный труд. Кто поставляет сырье российским оружейным заводам?|date= 30 January 2024|access-date= 30 January 2024|archive-date= 30 January 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240130090913/https://www.bbc.com/russian/articles/c51d7n1ze92o|url-status= live}}{{in lang|ru}}</ref>

The country has a considerable production of carrots as well. The use of child labour in Uzbekistan has led several companies, including Tesco,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ejfoundation.org/pdf/Uzbekistan_Cotton%20Tesco_letter_to_%20suppliers.pdf |title=Tesco Ethical Assessment Programme |access-date=2 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706003257/http://www.ejfoundation.org/pdf/Uzbekistan_Cotton%20Tesco_letter_to_%20suppliers.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2010 }}</ref> C&A,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-and-a.com/aboutUs/socialResponsibility/ |title=C&A Code of Conduct for Uzbekistan |publisher=C&A |access-date=2 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527204731/http://www.c-and-a.com/aboutUs/socialResponsibility/ |archive-date=27 May 2010 }}</ref> Marks & Spencer, Gap, and H&M, to boycott Uzbek cotton.<ref>{{cite news
 |last = Saidazimova
 |first = Gulnoza
 |title = Central Asia: Child Labor Alive And Thriving
 |publisher = Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
 |date = 12 June 2008
|url = http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1144612.html
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110727184416/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1144612.html
 |archive-date = 27 July 2011
|access-date = 8 July 2008
|url-status=dead
 |df = dmy-all
}}</ref>
[[File:Yodgorlik Silk Factory (5982822980).jpg|thumb|Yodgorlik [[silk]] factory]]
Facing a multitude of economic challenges upon acquiring independence, the government adopted an evolutionary reform strategy, with an emphasis on state control, reduction of imports and self-sufficiency in energy. Since 1994, the state-controlled media have repeatedly proclaimed the success of this "Uzbekistan Economic Model"<ref>{{cite web |title=Islam Karimov's interview to Rossijskaya Gazeta |date=7 July 1995|url=http://2004.press-service.uz/rus/knigi/9tom/3tom_12.htm |website=Пресс-служба Президента Республики Узбекистан |access-date=22 November 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922045122/http://2004.press-service.uz/rus/knigi/9tom/3tom_12.htm |archive-date=22 September 2008 |language=ru}}</ref> and suggested that it is a unique example of a smooth transition to the market economy while avoiding shock, pauperism and stagnation. As of 2019, Uzbekistan's economy is one of the most diversified in Central Asia which makes the country an attractive economic partner for China.<ref>Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (2019) "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329310641 China's Belt and Road Initiative through the Lens of Central Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024180554/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329310641_China%27s_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_through_the_lens_of_Central_Asia |date=24 October 2021 }}", in Fanny M. Cheung and Ying-yi Hong (eds) ''Regional Connection under the Belt and Road Initiative. The Prospects for Economic and Financial Cooperation''. London: Routledge, pp. 115–133. {{ISBN|9781138607491}}.</ref>

The gradualist reform strategy has involved postponing significant macroeconomic and structural reforms. The state in the hands of the [[new class|bureaucracy]] has remained a dominant influence in the economy. Corruption permeates the society and grows more rampant over time:  A February 2006 report on the country by the [[International Crisis Group]] suggests that revenues earned from key exports, especially [[cotton]], [[gold]], [[maize]] and increasingly gas, are distributed among a very small circle of the ruling elite, with little or no benefit for the populace at large.<ref>Thomas, Gary (16 February 2006). {{cite web |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-02/New-Report-Paints-Grim-Picture-of-Uzbekistan.cfm?CFID=281017252&CFTOKEN=40626492&jsessionid=00308b85b39c112dba1e6241221e37211353 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090825223014/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-02/New-Report-Paints-Grim-Picture-of-Uzbekistan.cfm?CFID=281017252&CFTOKEN=40626492&jsessionid=00308b85b39c112dba1e6241221e37211353 |archive-date=25 August 2009 |title=New Report Paints Grim Picture of Uzbekistan |url-status=dead |access-date=1 June 2016}}. ''Voice of America''.</ref> The early-2010s high-profile corruption scandals involving government contracts and large international companies, notably [[Telecom corruption scandal|TeliaSonera]], have shown that businesses are particularly vulnerable to corruption when operating in Uzbekistan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Business Corruption in Uzbekistan |url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/europe-central-asia/uzbekistan/business-corruption-in-uzbekistan.aspx|publisher=Business Anti-Corruption Portal|access-date=27 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324230655/http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/europe-central-asia/uzbekistan/business-corruption-in-uzbekistan.aspx |archive-date=24 March 2014}}</ref>

According to the [[Economist Intelligence Unit]], "the government is hostile to allowing the development of an independent private sector, over which it would have no control".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurasiacenter.org/Country%20reports/Central%20Asia/Uzbekistan%20Economic%20Highlights.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511170759/http://www.eurasiacenter.org/Country%20reports/Central%20Asia/Uzbekistan%20Economic%20Highlights.doc |archive-date=11 May 2011 |title=Uzbekistan: Economic Overview |publisher=eurasiacenter.org |access-date=2 May 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The economic policies have repelled foreign investment, which is the lowest per capita in the CIS.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2011/157382.htm 2011 Investment Climate Statement – Uzbekistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421160423/https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2011/157382.htm |date=21 April 2020 }}. US Department of State, March 2011</ref> For years, the largest barrier to foreign companies entering the Uzbekistan market has been the difficulty of converting currency. In 2003 the government accepted the obligations of Article VIII under the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2003/pr03188.htm |title=Press Release: The Republic of Uzbekistan Accepts Article VIII Obligations |publisher=Imf.org |access-date=2 May 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121134806/http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2003/pr03188.htm |archive-date=21 November 2010 }}</ref> providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and the tightening of borders have lessened the effect of this measure.
[[File:Urgut Sunday market bread sellers.JPG|thumb|Bread sellers in [[Urgut]]]]

Uzbekistan experienced rampant [[inflation]] of around 1000% per year immediately after independence (1992–1994). Stabilisation efforts implemented with guidance from the IMF<ref>[http://mfa.uz/eng/inter_cooper/econ_org/Inter_MF/ Uzbekistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs on IMF's role in economic stabilisation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510075000/http://mfa.uz/eng/inter_cooper/econ_org/Inter_MF/ |date=10 May 2011 }}. Retrieved 22 June 2009</ref> paid off. The inflation rates were brought down to 50% in 1997 and then to 22% in 2002. Since 2003 annual inflation rates averaged less than 10%.<ref name=imf/> Tight economic policies in 2004 resulted in a drastic reduction of inflation to 3.8% (although alternative estimates based on the price of a true [[market basket]] put it at 15%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/ADO/2005/uzb.asp |title=Asian Development Outlook 2005&nbsp;– Uzbekistan |publisher=ADB.org |date=1 January 2005 |access-date=2 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120065551/http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/ADO/2005/uzb.asp |archive-date=20 November 2010 }}</ref> The inflation rates moved up to 6.9% in 2006 and 7.6% in 2007 but have remained in the single-digit range.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indexmundi.com/uzbekistan/inflation_rate_(consumer_prices).html |title=Uzbekistan CPI 2003–2007 |publisher=Indexmundi.com |date=19 February 2010 |access-date=2 May 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510074954/http://www.indexmundi.com/uzbekistan/inflation_rate_(consumer_prices).html |archive-date=10 May 2011 }}</ref>

The government of Uzbekistan restricts foreign imports in many ways, including high import duties. Excise taxes are applied in a highly discriminatory manner to protect locally produced goods,<ref>{{cite web|title=Doing Business in Usbekistan - 2014 |website=www.pwc.de|publisher=PWC |url=https://www.pwc.de/de/internationale-maerkte/assets/doing-business-in-usbekistan-2014.pdf |access-date=5 January 2021 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417215226/https://www.pwc.de/de/internationale-maerkte/assets/doing-business-in-usbekistan-2014.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> although the excises taxes were removed for foreign cars in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 June 2020|title=Uzbekistan to scrap excise tax on imported cars|work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uzbekistan-autos-tax-idUSL8N2DH1L8|access-date=5 January 2021|archive-date=1 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101173611/https://www.reuters.com/article/uzbekistan-autos-tax-idUSL8N2DH1L8|url-status=live}}</ref> Official tariffs are combined with unofficial, discriminatory charges resulting in total charges amounting to as much as 100 to 150% of the actual value of the product, making imported products virtually unaffordable.<ref>{{cite web |title=UZBEKISTAN |url=http://www.ustr.gov/assets/Document_Library/Reports_Publications/2004/2004_National_Trade_Estimate/2004_NTE_Report/asset_upload_file327_4803.pdf |work=FOREIGN TRADE BARRIERS |access-date=20 December 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080815015618/http://www.ustr.gov/assets/Document_Library/Reports_Publications/2004/2004_National_Trade_Estimate/2004_NTE_Report/asset_upload_file327_4803.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2008 }}. NTE 2004 FINAL 3.30.04</ref> [[Import substitution]] is an officially declared policy and the government proudly reports a reduction by a factor of two in the volume of consumer goods imported. A number of CIS countries are officially exempt from Uzbekistan import duties. Uzbekistan has a Bilateral Investment Treaty with fifty other countries.<ref name="bitUZ">{{cite web|title=Uzbekistan Bilateral Investment Treaties |website=UNCTAD Division on Investment and Enterprise |publisher=United Nations |url=http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/IIA/CountryBits/226#iiaInnerMenu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107055442/http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/IIA/CountryBits/226#iiaInnerMenu |archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Tashkent Stock Exchange|Republican Stock Exchange]] (RSE) opened in 1994. The stocks of all Uzbek joint stock companies (around 1,250) are traded on RSE. The number of listed companies as of January 2013 exceeds 110. Securities market volume reached 2 trillion in 2012, and the number is rapidly growing due to the rising interest by companies of attracting necessary resources through the capital market. According to Central Depository as of January 2013 par value of outstanding shares of Uzbek emitters exceeded 9 trillion.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

Thanks in part to the recovery of world market prices of gold and cotton (the country's key export commodities), expanded natural gas and some manufacturing exports, and increasing labour migrant transfers, the current account turned into a large surplus (between 9% and 11% of GDP from 2003 to 2005). In 2018, foreign exchange reserves, including gold, totalled around US$25 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uzbekistan's gold and foreign exchange reserves at US$ 25.49 billion |url=http://tashkenttimes.uz/finances/3050-uzbekistan-s-gold-and-foreign-exchange-reserves-at-us-25-49-billion |website=Tashkent Times |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501060527/http://tashkenttimes.uz/finances/3050-uzbekistan-s-gold-and-foreign-exchange-reserves-at-us-25-49-billion |url-status=live }}</ref>

Foreign exchange reserves amounted in 2010 to US$13 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTRUSSIANHOME/EXTRUSSIANCOUNTRIES/ECAINRUSSIANEXT/EXTUZBEKISTANINRUS/0,,contentMDK:20546336~menuPK:1151287~pagePK:1497618~piPK:217854~theSitePK:1151265,00.html#contact|publisher=The world bank|language=ru |title=Uzbekistan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605175712/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTRUSSIANHOME/EXTRUSSIANCOUNTRIES/ECAINRUSSIANEXT/EXTUZBEKISTANINRUS/0,,contentMDK:20546336~menuPK:1151287~pagePK:1497618~piPK:217854~theSitePK:1151265,00.html#contact|archive-date=5 June 2013}}</ref>

Uzbekistan is predicted to be one of the fastest-growing economies in the world (top 26) in future decades, according to a survey by global bank HSBC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hsbc.com.mx/1/PA_esf-ca-app-content/content/home/empresas/archivos/world_2050.pdf |publisher=HSBC|title=the World in 2050|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014100813/https://www.hsbc.com.mx/1/PA_esf-ca-app-content/content/home/empresas/archivos/world_2050.pdf |archive-date=14 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
Uzbekistan was ranked 83rd in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite book |author=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |year=2024 |title=Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=www.wipo.int |page=18 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.50062 |isbn=978-92-805-3681-2}}</ref> It is expected that Uzbekistan's [[GDP]] will reach 125 billion dollars in 2025.