Editing Uyghurs (section)

====Human rights abuses against Uyghurs in Xinjiang====
{{main|Persecution of Uyghurs in China|Xinjiang internment camps}}
{{Discrimination sidebar}}
In 2014, the Chinese government announced a "[[people's war on terror]]". Since then, Uyghurs in Xinjiang have been affected by extensive controls and restrictions which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Chinese government has imposed upon their religious, cultural, economic and social lives.<ref name="Dou-2022">{{Cite news |date=23 September 2022 |title=As crackdown eases, China's Xinjiang faces long road to rehabilitation |language=en |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/09/23/china-xinjiang-crackdown-uyghurs-surveillance/ |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="aj2018">{{cite news |date=10 August 2018 |title=One million Muslim Uighurs held in secret China camps: UN panel |publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/8/10/one-million-muslim-uighurs-held-in-secret-china-camps-un-panel}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{cite news |last1=Welch |first1=Dylan |last2=Hui |first2=Echo |last3=Hutcheon |first3=Stephen |date=24 November 2019 |title=The China Cables: Leak reveals the scale of Beijing's repressive control over Xinjiang |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]] |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-25/china-cables-beijings-xinjiang-secrets-revealed/11719016}}</ref><ref name="hrw._UN:U">{{Cite web |date=10 July 2019 |title=UN: Unprecedented Joint Call for China to End Xinjiang Abuses |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/07/10/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217070044/https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/07/10/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses |archive-date=17 December 2019 |access-date=18 December 2020 |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref> In order to [[Forced assimilation|forcibly assimilate]] them, the government has [[Arbitrary arrest and detention|arbitrarily detained]] more than an estimated one million Uyghurs in [[Xinjiang internment camps|internment camps]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Waller |first1=James |last2=Albornoz |first2=Mariana Salazar |year=2021 |title=Crime and No Punishment? China's Abuses Against the Uyghurs |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/789548 |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=100–111 |doi=10.1353/gia.2021.0000 |issn=2471-8831 |s2cid=235855240}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Danilova |first=Maria |date=27 November 2018 |title=Woman describes torture, beatings in Chinese detention camp |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/61cdf7f5dfc34575aa643523b3c6b3fe |url-status=live |access-date=2 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213063324/https://apnews.com/61cdf7f5dfc34575aa643523b3c6b3fe |archive-date=13 December 2019}}</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] says that the camps have been used to indoctrinate Uyghurs and other Muslims since 2017.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2017 |title=China: Free Xinjiang 'Political Education' Detainees |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/09/10/china-free-xinjiang-political-education-detainees |access-date=10 September 2017 |publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last1=Ramzy |first1=Austin |last2=Buckley |first2=Chris |date=16 November 2019 |title='Absolutely No Mercy': Leaked Files Expose How China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/11/16/world/asia/china-xinjiang-documents.html |access-date=16 November 2019 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Leaked Chinese government operating procedures state that the main feature of the camps is to ensure adherence to [[Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party|CCP ideology]], with the inmates being continuously held captive in the camps for a minimum of 12 months depending on their performance on Chinese ideology tests.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2019 |title=Read the China Cables Documents |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/read-the-china-cables-documents/ |access-date=9 January 2025 |website=[[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' has reported inmates are required to "sing hymns praising the Chinese Communist Party and write 'self-criticism' essays," and that prisoners are also subjected to physical and verbal abuse by prison guards.<ref name="nyt-detention">{{cite news |last1=Buckley |first1=Chris |date=8 September 2018 |title=China Is Detaining Muslims in Vast Numbers. The Goal: 'Transformation.' |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/08/world/asia/china-uighur-muslim-detention-camp.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908213310/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/08/world/asia/china-uighur-muslim-detention-camp.html |archive-date=8 September 2018}}</ref> Chinese officials have sometimes assigned to monitor the families of current inmates, and women have been detained due to actions by their sons or husbands.<ref name="nyt-detention" />

Other policies have included [[forced labor]],<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Turdush |first1=Rukiye |last2=Fiskesjö |first2=Magnus |date=28 May 2021 |title=Dossier: Uyghur Women in China's Genocide |journal=Genocide Studies and Prevention |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=22–43 |doi=10.5038/1911-9933.15.1.1834 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Sudworth |first=John |date=December 2020 |title=China's 'tainted' cotton |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/extra/nz0g306v8c/china-tainted-cotton}}</ref> suppression of Uyghur [[Islam in China|religious practices]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Congressional Research Service |date=18 June 2019 |title=Uyghurs in China |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10281.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Congressional Research Service |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218075723/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10281.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2020 |access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref> political [[indoctrination]],<ref name="reut_Musl">{{Cite news |date=9 September 2018 |title=Muslim minority in China's Xinjiang face 'political indoctrination': Human Rights Watch |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang-rights/muslim-minority-in-chinas-xinjiang-face-political-indoctrination-human-rights-watch-idUSKCN1LQ01F |url-status=live |access-date=18 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109032307/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang-rights/muslim-minority-in-chinas-xinjiang-face-political-indoctrination-human-rights-watch-idUSKCN1LQ01F |archive-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> severe ill-treatment,<ref name="bhrc">{{cite web |title=Responsibility of States under International Law to Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslims in Xinjiang, China |url=https://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020-Responsibility-of-States-to-Uyghurs_Final.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921202046/https://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020-Responsibility-of-States-to-Uyghurs_Final.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2020 |access-date=18 December 2020 |publisher=Bar Human Rights Committee}}</ref> [[forced sterilization]],<ref name="apne_Chin">{{cite news |date=28 June 2020 |title=China cuts Uighur births with IUDs, abortion, sterilization |url=https://apnews.com/article/269b3de1af34e17c1941a514f78d764c |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216200613/https://apnews.com/article/269b3de1af34e17c1941a514f78d764c |archive-date=16 December 2020 |access-date=18 December 2020 |work=[[Associated Press]] |quote=Birth rates in the mostly Uighur regions of Hotan and Kashgar plunged by more than 60% from 2015 to 2018, the latest year available in government statistics. Across the Xinjiang region, birth rates continue to plummet, falling nearly 24% last year alone — compared to just 4.2% nationwide, statistics show.}}</ref> forced [[contraception]],<ref name="urlChina Forces Birth Control on Uighurs to Suppress Population | Voice of America - English">{{Cite news |date=29 June 2020 |title=China Forces Birth Control on Uighurs to Suppress Population |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_china-forces-birth-control-uighurs-suppress-population/6191919.html}}</ref><ref name="genocide against the Uyghurs">{{cite news |last=Samuel |first=Sigal |date=10 March 2021 |title=China's genocide against the Uyghurs, in 4 disturbing charts |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22311356/china-uyghur-birthrate-sterilization-genocide}}</ref> and [[forced abortion]].<ref name="urlwww.dw.com">{{Cite news |date=1 July 2020 |title=China: Uighur women reportedly sterilized in attempt to suppress population |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/china-uighur-women-reportedly-sterilized-in-attempt-to-suppress-population/a-54018051 |access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news |date=29 June 2020 |title=China 'using birth control' to suppress Uighurs |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53220713 |url-status=live |access-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629222610/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53220713 |archive-date=29 June 2020}}</ref> According to German researcher [[Adrian Zenz]], hundreds of thousands of children have been forcibly separated from their parents and sent to [[Boarding schools in China|boarding schools]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kuo |first=Lily |date=16 October 2020 |title=Chinese detention 'leaving thousands of Uighur children without parents' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/16/thousands-of-uighur-children-orphaned-by-chinese-detention-papers-show |access-date=28 February 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{cite journal |author=[[Adrian Zenz]] |date=July 2019 |title=Break Their Roots: Evidence for China's Parent-Child Separation Campaign in Xinjiang. |url=https://www.jpolrisk.com/break-their-roots-evidence-for-chinas-parent-child-separation-campaign-in-xinjiang/ |journal=The Journal of Political Risk |volume=7 |issue=7}}</ref> The [[Australian Strategic Policy Institute]] estimates that some sixteen thousand [[mosque]]s have been razed or damaged since 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Like we were enemies in a war" |url=https://xinjiang.amnesty.org/report/blanket-repression-and-erasure-of-ethnic-identity/destruction-of-religious-and-cultural-sites/ |access-date=28 February 2024 |website=Amnesty International |archive-date=28 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228042709/https://xinjiang.amnesty.org/report/blanket-repression-and-erasure-of-ethnic-identity/destruction-of-religious-and-cultural-sites/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Associated Press]] reported that from 2015 to 2018, [[birth rate]]s in the mostly Uyghur regions of [[Hotan]] and [[Kashgar]] fell by more than 60%,<ref name="apne_Chin" /> compared to a decrease by 9.69% in the whole country.<ref name="data_Birt">{{Cite web |title=Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) – China |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN?start=2015&end=2018&locations=CN |access-date=2 January 2021 |publisher=[[The World Bank]]}}</ref> The allegation of Uyghur birth rates being lower than those of Han Chinese have been disputed by pundits from ''[[Pakistan Observer]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2021 |title=Experts reject US allegations of genocide in Xinjiang, China |url=https://pakobserver.net/experts-reject-us-allegations-of-genocide-in-xinjiang-china/ |website=[[Pakistan Observer]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Antara (news agency)|Antara]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last1=M. Irfan Ilmie |last2=Tia Mutiasari |date=11 January 2021 |title=Populasi Uighur naik 25 persen, pemerintah Xinjiang bantu cek keluarga |trans-title=Uighur population up 25 percent, Xinjiang government helps check families |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1940188/populasi-uighur-naik-25-persen-pemerintah-xinjiang-bantu-cek-keluarga |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614144118/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1940188/populasi-uighur-naik-25-persen-pemerintah-xinjiang-bantu-cek-keluarga |archive-date=14 June 2021 |website=[[Antara News]] |language=id}}</ref> and [[Detik.com]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Basuki |first=Novi |date=20 December 2021 |title=Uighur dan Pemboikotan Olimpiade Beijing |trans-title=Uighurs and the Boycott of the Beijing Olympics |url=https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-5863420/uighur-dan-pemboikotan-olimpiade-beijing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220720120855/https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-5863420/uighur-dan-pemboikotan-olimpiade-beijing |archive-date=20 July 2022 |website=[[Detik.com]] |language=id-ID |quote=Pada 2018, misalnya, persentase kelahiran Uighur adalah 11,9‰, sedangkan Han cuma 9,42‰. Secara keseluruhan, total populasi Uighur di Xinjiang naik dari yang sekitar 8,346 juta pada 2000, ke 11,624 juta lebih pada 2020. Alias rata-rata naik 1,71% tiap tahunnya. Jauh lebih tinggi ketimbang populasi suku minoritas lain di seluruh China yang saban warsa hanya naik 0,83%.}}</ref> [[File:Uyghurs protesting.jpg|left|thumb|Protesters in Amsterdam with the [[Flag of East Turkestan]]]]The policies have drawn widespread condemnation, with some characterizing them as a genocide. In an [[United Nations Xinjiang Report|assessment by the UN Human Rights Office]], the [[United Nations]] (UN) stated that China's policies and actions in the Xinjiang region may be [[crimes against humanity]], although it did not use the term genocide.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramzy |first1=Austin |date=1 September 2022 |title=For Uyghurs, U.N. Report on China's Abuses Is Long-Awaited Vindication |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/01/world/asia/china-xinjiang-uyghurs.html |access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=31 August 2022 |title=China: New UN Report Alleges Crimes Against Humanity |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/08/31/china-new-un-report-alleges-crimes-against-humanity |access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref> The United States<ref name="wsj._U.S._says">{{Cite news |last=Gordon |first=Michael R. |date=19 January 2021 |title=U.S. Says China Is Committing 'Genocide' Against Uighur Muslims |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-declares-chinas-treatment-of-uighur-muslims-to-be-genocide-11611081555 |access-date=19 January 2021}}</ref> and legislatures in several countries have described the policies as a genocide. The Chinese government denies having committed human rights abuses in Xinjiang.<ref name="Finley-2020">{{cite journal |last=Finley |first=Joanne |year=2020 |title=Why Scholars and Activists Increasingly Fear a Uyghur Genocide in Xinjiang |journal=[[Journal of Genocide Research]] |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=348–370 |doi=10.1080/14623528.2020.1848109 |s2cid=236962241}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Griffiths |first=James |date=17 April 2021 |title=From cover-up to propaganda blitz: China's attempts to control the narrative on Xinjiang |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/16/china/beijing-xinjiang-uyghurs-propaganda-intl-hnk-dst/index.html}}</ref>