Editing United Arab Emirates (section)

=== Migrant workers ===
{{Main|Migrant workers in the United Arab Emirates|Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region}}
[[File:Burj Dubai Construction Workers on 25 January 2008 Pict 2.jpg|thumb|right|Two South Asian [[blue-collar workers]] posing for a picture with the [[Burj Khalifa]] on the background]]

Migrant workers in the UAE are not allowed to join trade unions or go on strike. Those who strike may risk prison and deportation,<ref name="mig">{{cite web|url=http://survey.ituc-csi.org/United-Arab-Emirates.html?lang=en#tabs-3|title=United Arab Emirates|work=International Trade Union Confederation|access-date=27 October 2014|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101224409/https://survey.ituc-csi.org/United-Arab-Emirates.html?lang=en#tabs-3|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://survey.ituc-csi.org/United-Arab-Emirates.html?lang=en#tabs-2|title=United Arab Emirates|work=International Trade Union Confederation|access-date=14 October 2014|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101224409/https://survey.ituc-csi.org/United-Arab-Emirates.html?lang=en#tabs-2|url-status=live}}</ref> as seen in 2014 when dozens of workers were deported for striking.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/22/abu-dhabi-migrant-workers-conditions-shame-west Conditions for Abu Dhabi's migrant workers 'shame the west' | World news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125023446/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/22/abu-dhabi-migrant-workers-conditions-shame-west |date=25 January 2018 }}. ''The Guardian'' (22 December 2013). Retrieved on 21 August 2018.</ref> The [[International Trade Union Confederation]] has called on the [[United Nations]] to investigate evidence that thousands of migrant workers in the UAE are treated as slave labour.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/sep/13/migrant-workers-uae-gulf-states-un-ituc|title=Call for UN to investigate plight of migrant workers in the UAE|newspaper=The Guardian|date=13 September 2014|last1=Batty|first1=David|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212225943/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/sep/13/migrant-workers-uae-gulf-states-un-ituc|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, an investigation performed by ''The Guardian'' revealed that thousands of migrant construction workers employed on infrastructure and building projects for the UAE's [[Expo 2020]] exhibition were working in an unsafe environment. Some were even exposed to potentially fatal situations due to cardiovascular issues. Long hours in the sun made them vulnerable to heat strokes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/oct/03/workers-at-dubai-expo-2020-heat-stress|title=Workers at Dubai's Expo 2020 likely to have suffered dangerous heat stress|access-date=3 October 2019|work=The Guardian|date=3 October 2019|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003141918/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/oct/03/workers-at-dubai-expo-2020-heat-stress|url-status=live}}</ref>

A report in January 2020 highlighted that the employers in the United Arab Emirates have been exploiting the Indian labor and hiring them on [[Travel visa|tourist visas]], which is easier and cheaper than [[work permit]]s. These [[migrant worker]]s are left open to [[Labor rights|labor abuse]], where they also fear reporting exploitation due to their illegal status. Besides, the issue remains unknown as the visit visa data is not maintained in both the UAE and Indian [[Human migration|migration]] and employment records.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://weeklyreviewer.com/tourist-visa-scam-traps-indian-workers-in-abusive-jobs-in-uae-news/|title=Tourist visa scam traps Indian workers in abusive jobs in UAE|date=15 January 2020|access-date=15 January 2020|website=Weekly Reviewer|archive-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116091345/https://weeklyreviewer.com/tourist-visa-scam-traps-indian-workers-in-abusive-jobs-in-uae-news/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Dubai workers angsana burj.jpg|thumb|left|Dubai construction workers having a lunch break]]
In a 22 July 2020 news piece, ''Reuters'' reported [[human rights]] groups as saying conditions had deteriorated because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Many migrant workers racked up debt and depended on the help of charities. The report cited salary delays and layoffs as a major risk, in addition to overcrowded living conditions, lack of support and problems linked with healthcare and sick pay. Reuters reported at least 200,000 workers, mostly from India but also from Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Philippines and Nepal, had been repatriated, according to their diplomatic missions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-emirates-jobs/uaes-migrant-workers-fret-over-future-in-coronavirus-economy-idUSKCN24N0Q7|title=UAE's migrant workers fret over future in coronavirus economy|access-date=22 July 2020|website=Reuters|date=22 July 2020|archive-date=23 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723151341/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-emirates-jobs/uaes-migrant-workers-fret-over-future-in-coronavirus-economy-idUSKCN24N0Q7|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 2 May 2020, the Consul General of India in [[Dubai]], Vipul, confirmed that more than 150,000 Indians in the United Arab Emirates registered to be repatriated through the e-registration option provided by Indian consulates in the UAE. According to the figures, 25% of applicants lost their jobs and nearly 15% were stranded in the country due to lockdown. Besides, 50% of the total applicants were from the state of [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{cite web|title=150,000 Indians in UAE register to fly home during coronavirus pandemic|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/150000-indians-in-uae-register-to-fly-home-during-coronavirus-pandemic-1.71297349|access-date=2 May 2020|website=Gulf News|date=2 May 2020|archive-date=3 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503015519/https://gulfnews.com/uae/150000-indians-in-uae-register-to-fly-home-during-coronavirus-pandemic-1.71297349|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 9 October 2020, ''The Telegraph'' reported that many migrant workers were left abandoned, as they lost their jobs amidst the tightening economy due to [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/09/homeless-migrants-sleep-rough-beneath-dubais-skyscrapers-covid/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/09/homeless-migrants-sleep-rough-beneath-dubais-skyscrapers-covid/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Homeless migrants sleep rough beneath Dubai's skyscrapers as Covid employment crisis bites|access-date=9 October 2020|website=The Telegraph|date=9 October 2020|last1=Stewart|first1=Ashleigh}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Various human rights organisations have raised serious concerns about the alleged abuse of migrant workers by major contractors organising Expo 2020. UAE's business solution provider German Pavilion is also held accountable for abusing migrant workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210507-german-company-using-uae-firm-with-record-of-migrant-worker-abuse-rights-group-says/|title=German company using UAE firm with record of migrant worker abuse, rights group says|date=7 May 2021|access-date=7 May 2021|publisher=Middle East Monitor|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404024418/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210507-german-company-using-uae-firm-with-record-of-migrant-worker-abuse-rights-group-says/|url-status=live}}</ref>