Editing Typhoid fever (section)

===Outbreaks===
[[File:TyphoidOutbreaksMap.pdf|thumb|312x312px|Map of Typhoid Fever Outbreaks 1989–2018<ref name=":11">{{cite journal | vauthors = Appiah GD, Chung A, Bentsi-Enchill AD, Kim S, Crump JA, Mogasale V, Pellegrino R, Slayton RB, Mintz ED | title = Typhoid Outbreaks, 1989–2018: Implications for Prevention and Control | journal = The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | volume = 102 | issue = 6 | pages = 1296–1305 | date = June 2020 | pmid = 32228795 | pmc = 7253085 | doi = 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0624 }}</ref>]]
* [[Plague of Athens]] (suspected)<ref name=":10" />
* [[Cocoliztli epidemics]] (suspected)<ref name="Krause 2018">{{cite journal|last1=Vågene|first1=Åshild|display-authors=etal|title=Salmonella enterica genomes from victims of a major sixteenth-century epidemic in Mexico|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/106740v2.full|date=2018|volume=2|issue=3|pages=520–528|doi=10.1038/s41559-017-0446-6|pmid=29335577|bibcode=2018NatEE...2..520V |s2cid=3358440}}</ref>
* "Burning Fever" outbreak among [[Native Americans in the United States|indigenous Americans]]. Between 1607 and 1624, 85% of the population at the [[James River]] died from a typhoid epidemic. The [[World Health Organization]] estimates the death toll was over 6,000 during this time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Disease & Death in Early America: Tully Area Historical Society|url=https://tullyhistoricalsociety.org/tahs/medical.php#epidemics|access-date=2021-06-29|website=tullyhistoricalsociety.org}}</ref>
* [[Maidstone]], Kent outbreak in 1897–1898: 1,847 patients were recorded to have typhoid fever. This outbreak is notable because it was the first time a typhoid vaccine was deployed during a civilian outbreak. [[Almroth Wright|Almoth Edward Wright]]'s vaccine was offered to 200 healthcare providers, and of the 84 individuals who received the vaccine, none developed typhoid whereas 4 who had not been vaccinated became ill.<ref name=":1" />
* American army in the [[Spanish–American War|Spanish-American war]]: government records estimate over 21,000 troops had typhoid, resulting in 2,200 deaths.<ref name=":1" />
* In 1902, guests at mayoral banquets in Southampton and Winchester, England became ill and four died, including [[William Stephens (Dean of Winchester)|the Dean of Winchester]], after consuming oysters. The infection was due to oysters sourced from [[Emsworth]], where the oyster beds had been contaminated with raw sewage.<ref name="oyster1">{{cite web|date=10 February 2019|title=Emsworth Oysters|url=http://www.emsworth.org.uk/news/emsworths-oysters-video-now-online|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203191517/http://www.emsworth.org.uk/news/emsworths-oysters-video-now-online|archive-date=3 February 2016|publisher=Emsworth Business Association|df=dmy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report|url=https://archive.org/stream/b24914812#page/n0/mode/2up|title=Dr. H. Timbrell Bulstrode's report to the Local Government Board upon alleged oyster-borne enteric fever and other illness following the mayoral banquets at Winchester and Southampton, and upon enteric fever occurring simultaneously elsewhere and also ascribed to oysters|publisher=HMSO|location=London|page=1|vauthors=Bulstrode HT|year=1903|df=dmy}}</ref>
* [[Jamaica Plain]] neighborhood, [[Boston]] in 1908 – linked to milk delivery. See the history section, "carriers" for further details.<ref name=":2" />
* Outbreak in upper-class New Yorkers who employed [[Mary Mallon]] – 51 cases and 3 deaths from 1907 to 1915.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" />
* [[Aberdeen]], Scotland, in summer 1964 – traced back to contaminated canned beef sourced from Argentina sold in markets. More than 500 patients were quarantined in the hospital for a minimum of four weeks, and the outbreak was contained without any deaths.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2008-06-26|title=Typhoid left city 'under siege'|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/7471198.stm|access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref>
* [[Dushanbe]], Tajikistan, in 1996–1997: 10,677 cases reported, 108 deaths.<ref name=":11" />
* [[Kinshasa]], Democratic Republic of the Congo, in 2004: 43,000 cases and over 200 deaths.<ref name=":1" /> A prospective study of specimens collected in the same region between 2007 and 2011 revealed about one-third of samples obtained from patient samples were resistant to multiple antibiotics.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lunguya O, Lejon V, Phoba MF, Bertrand S, Vanhoof R, Verhaegen J, Smith AM, Keddy KH, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Jacobs J | title = Salmonella typhi in the democratic republic of the congo: fluoroquinolone decreased susceptibility on the rise | journal = PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | pages = e1921 | date = 2012-11-15 | pmid = 23166855 | pmc = 3499407 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001921 | veditors = Ryan ET | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* [[Kampala]], Uganda in 2015: 10,230 cases reported.<ref name=":11" />