Editing Truck (section)

===Engines and motors===
[[File:Cummins Engine (LKW).jpg|thumb|[[Cummins B Series engine#6.7 ISB|Cummins ISB]] 6.7L medium-duty truck diesel engine]]
Most small trucks such as [[sport utility vehicle]]s (SUVs), [[van]]s or [[pickup truck|pickups]], and even light medium-duty trucks in North America, China, and Russia use [[gasoline engine]]s (petrol engines), but many [[diesel engine]]d models are now being produced. Most of the heavier trucks use [[four stroke cycle|four-stroke]] diesel engines with a [[turbocharger]] and [[intercooler]]. Huge off-highway trucks use locomotive-type engines such as a [[V12 engine|V12]] [[Detroit Diesel]] [[two stroke cycle|two stroke]] engine. A large proportion of refuse trucks in the United States employ [[CNG]] (compressed natural gas) engines for their low fuel cost and reduced carbon emissions.

A significant proportion of North American manufactured trucks use an engine built by the last remaining major independent engine manufacturer ([[Cummins (corporation)|Cummins]]) but most global OEMs such as [[Volvo Trucks]] and [[Daimler AG]] promote their own "captive" engines.<ref>{{cite book|title=Operators Handbook-DM, DMM, U Series|year=1988|publisher=[[Mack Trucks]]|pages=62–64}}</ref>

In the European Union, all new truck engines must comply with [[European emission standards|Euro&nbsp;VI]] emission regulations,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/hd.php|title=EU: Heavy-Duty Truck and Bus Engines|date=November 2016|website=DieselNet|access-date=15 October 2017|archive-date=11 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711152006/https://www.dieselnet.com/standards/eu/hd.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Euro 7 from the late 2020s has stricter exhaust limits and also limits [[Non-exhaust emissions|air pollution from brakes and tires]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=trans.info|title=Euro 7 emissions rules finalised: European Council approves tighter limits|url=https://trans.info/en/euro-7-emissions-rules-finalised-european-council-approves-tighter-limits-384532|access-date=8 August 2024|website=trans.info|language=en}}</ref>

{{As of|2019}} several alternative technologies are competing to displace the use of diesel engines in heavy trucks. CNG engines are widely used in the US refuse industry and in concrete mixers, among other short-range vocations, but range limitations have prevented their broader uptake in freight hauling applications. Heavy [[electric truck]]s and [[Hydrogen vehicle#Heavy trucks|hydrogen-powered trucks]] are new to the market in 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Raynal|first=Wes|date=26 February 2021|title=Electric Truck Maker Nikola Is Cutting Production Target, Again|url=https://www.autoweek.com/news/green-cars/a35645412/nikola-cutting-production-target-again/|access-date=27 February 2021|website=Autoweek|language=en-US|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226222329/https://www.autoweek.com/news/green-cars/a35645412/nikola-cutting-production-target-again/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Salisbury|first=Mark|date=25 February 2021|title=DHL Freight and Volvo Trucks join to introduce long-distance electric trucks|url=https://www.fleetpoint.org/electric-vehicles-2/electric-trucks/dhl-freight-and-volvo-trucks-join-to-introduce-long-distance-electric-trucks/|access-date=27 February 2021|website=FleetPoint|language=en-GB|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227002420/https://www.fleetpoint.org/electric-vehicles-2/electric-trucks/dhl-freight-and-volvo-trucks-join-to-introduce-long-distance-electric-trucks/|url-status=live}}</ref> but major freight haulers are interested.<ref>{{cite news|title=Want a Nikola hydrogen-electric truck? You will have to wait|url=https://www.freightwaves.com/news/equipment/nikola-hydrogen-electric-truck-will-be-hard-to-get|work=FreightWaves|date=17 April 2019|access-date=18 April 2019|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418153555/https://www.freightwaves.com/news/equipment/nikola-hydrogen-electric-truck-will-be-hard-to-get|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://electrek.co/2019/01/11/tesla-semi-order-electric-trucks-europe/|title=Tesla Semi receives another order, electric trucks will move goods in Europe|first=Fred|last=Lambert|date=11 January 2019|access-date=19 April 2019|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419165739/https://electrek.co/2019/01/11/tesla-semi-order-electric-trucks-europe/|url-status=live}}</ref> Although cars will be first the [[phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles]] includes trucks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=California takes bold step to reduce truck pollution {{!}} California Air Resources Board|url=https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-takes-bold-step-reduce-truck-pollution|access-date=27 February 2021|website=ww2.arb.ca.gov|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226204957/https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-takes-bold-step-reduce-truck-pollution|url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[The Economist]] magazine "Electric lorries will probably run on hydrogen, not batteries, which are too expensive."<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 February 2021|title=Daimler Truck and Mercedes-Benz part ways|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/business/2021/02/04/daimler-truck-and-mercedes-benz-part-ways|access-date=27 February 2021|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227193205/https://www.economist.com/business/2021/02/04/daimler-truck-and-mercedes-benz-part-ways|url-status=live}}</ref> Other researchers say that once faster [[Charging station|chargers]] are available batteries will become competitive against diesel for all, except perhaps the heaviest, trucks.<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 April 2021|title=Climate change: Electric trucks 'can compete with diesel ones'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56678669|access-date=9 April 2021|archive-date=9 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409105355/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56678669|url-status=live}}</ref>