Editing Transport in India (section)

===Commuter rail transport===
In many Indian metropolitan regions, rail is the more efficient and affordable mode of public transport for daily commute. Examples of types of services include long-established local or suburban rail services in cities such as [[Mumbai Suburban Railway|Mumbai]], [[Kolkata Suburban Railway|Kolkata]] and [[Chennai Suburban Railway|Chennai]], the century-old tram service in [[trams in Kolkata|Kolkata]], the more recent metro service in [[Kolkata Metro|Kolkata]], [[Delhi Metro|Delhi]] and [[Chennai Metro|Chennai]] and [[Mumbai Monorail|Monorail]] feeder service in [[Mumbai]].

==== Suburban rail ====
[[File:AC-EMU-Mumbai.jpg|alt=|thumb|Mumbai suburban rail.]]
[[File:Velachery Railway station June 2010.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[Chennai MRTS]] and [[Chennai Suburban Railway|Chennai Suburban]], the first elevated railway in India.]]
{{Main|Urban rail transit in India}}

The [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] was the first rail system in India, which began its services in Mumbai in 1853, transporting 6.3&nbsp;million passengers daily and has the highest passenger density in the world.<ref name="subrefmumbai">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mrvc.indianrail.gov.in/overview.htm |title=Overview of the existing Mumbai Suburban Railway |publisher=[[Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620033027/http://www.mrvc.indianrail.gov.in/overview.htm |archive-date=20 June 2008 |access-date=31 March 2009}}</ref> The [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] was established in 1854,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/10/27/stories/2006102700310900.htm |title=Opening up new frontiers |date=27 October 2006 |work=The Hindu Business Line |access-date=5 April 2010}}</ref> and the [[Chennai Suburban Railway]] in 1931.<ref name="IRFCA_ElectricTraction1">{{cite web | title = Electric Traction – I | publisher = IRFCA.org | url = http://irfca.org/faq/faq-elec.html#vol | access-date = 17 November 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121105135017/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-elec.html#vol | archive-date = 5 November 2012 | url-status = live}}</ref> The operational suburban rail systems in India are in [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]], [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]], [[Chennai Suburban Railway]], [[Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway]], [[Delhi Suburban Railway]], [[Pune Suburban Railway]], [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System]], [[Barabanki-Lucknow Suburban Railway]] and [[Karwar railway division]].<ref name="Singh" /> Other planned systems are [[Bengaluru Suburban Railway]], [[Ahmedabad Suburban Railway]] and [[Coimbatore Suburban Railway]].

==== Mass rapid transit system ====
The [[Chennai MRTS]], which began services in 1995, remains the country's first and only mass rapid transit rail. Although distinct from the Chennai Suburban Railway, the MRTS remains integrated in a wider urban rail network.<ref>{{cite news|author=Ajai Sreevatsan|title=Evolution of Chennai's Public Transport System|url=http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00824/Evolution_of_Chenna_824269a.pdf|access-date=29 February 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=31 October 2011|location=Chennai, India|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105193053/http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00824/Evolution_of_Chenna_824269a.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Chennai Metro Rail at Koyambedu.JPG|thumb|[[Chennai Metro]] ]]

==== Metro ====
{{Main|Urban rail transit in India}}

The first modern [[rapid transit]] in India is the [[Kolkata Metro]] which started its operations in 1984 as the 17th Zone of the Indian Railways.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kolkata-Metro-is-now-the-17th-zone-of-Indian-Railways/articleshow/7186301.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104080043/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-29/india/28264643_1_metro-railway-kolkata-metro-foundation-stone |url-status=live |archive-date=2012-11-04 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Kolkata Metro is now the 17th zone of Indian Railways }}</ref> The [[Delhi Metro]] in New Delhi is India's second conventional metro and began operations in 2002. The [[Namma Metro]] in Bengaluru began operations in 2011 as India's third operational rapid transit system. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aditi |first=Anwesha |date=August 2019 |title=Mass Transit in India: A Need for Change |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335004369 }}</ref>

The operational systems are [[Kolkata Metro]], [[Delhi Metro]], [[Namma Metro|Bengaluru Metro]], [[Rapid Metro Gurgaon|Gurgaon Metro]], [[Mumbai Metro]], [[Jaipur Metro]], [[Chennai Metro]], [[Kochi Metro]], [[Lucknow Metro]], [[Nagpur Metro]], [[Noida Metro]], [[Hyderabad Metro]], [[Kanpur Metro]], [[Ahmedabad Metro]], [[Pune Metro]], [[Navi Mumbai Metro]], [[Agra Metro]] and [[Ahmedabad Metro]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Metro Rail Networks: Quick Guide, Routes Map, Start Date |url=https://www.fabhotels.com/blog/indian-metro-rail-networks/ |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=FabHotels Travel Blog |language=en-US |archive-date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627130249/https://www.fabhotels.com/blog/indian-metro-rail-networks/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The under implementation systems are [[Varanasi Metro]], [[Madurai Metro]], Vijayawada Metro, [[Patna Metro]], [[Meerut Metro]], [[Guwahati Metro]], [[Chandigarh Metro]], [[Bhopal Metro]], [[Kozhikode Light Metro]], [[Indore Metro]], [[Thiruvananthapuram Metro]], [[Coimbatore Metro]], Visakhapatnam Metro, [[Surat Metro]], [[Jammu Metro]], [[Srinagar Metro]], Greater Gwalior Metro, [[Jabalpur Metro]] and [[Greater Nashik Metro]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Rail Projects in India {{!}} Metro Rail Today |url=https://metrorailtoday.com/page/metro-rail-projects-in-india |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Metro Rail Today: Gateway to Rail & Metro Industry}}</ref>  Currently, 34 km of rapid transit system is operational and rest is under construction or in planning in several major cities of India and will be opened shortly.

==== Monorail ====
[[File:Mumbai Monorail train at platform.jpg|alt=|thumb|A monorail in Mumbai]]
{{main|Urban rail transit in India}}

[[Monorail]] is generally considered as a feeder system for metro trains in India. In 2004, monorail was first proposed for Kolkata. But, later the idea was put on hold due to lack of funds and infeasibility.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Light at end of tunnel for Kolkata's monorail project {{!}} Kolkata News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Light-at-end-of-tunnel-for-Kolkatas-monorail-project/articleshow/54575036.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-05-05|date=29 September 2016|archive-date=3 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003005035/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Light-at-end-of-tunnel-for-Kolkatas-monorail-project/articleshow/54575036.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Mumbai Monorail]], which started in 2014, is the first operational [[monorail]] network in India<ref name="times">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-monorail-to-run-in-two-years/articleshow/2413046.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811120003/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-09-29/mumbai/27981519_1_mumbai-monorail-jacob-circle-mmrda-joint-commissioner |url-status=live |archive-date=11 August 2011 |title=Mumbai monorail to run in two years |date=27 September 2007 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 March 2009}}</ref> (excluding the [[Skybus Metro]]) since the [[Patiala State Monorail Trainways]] closed in 1927.

Monorail systems were also planned in [[Chennai Monorail|Chennai]], [[Kolkata Monorail|Kolkata]], Allahabad, [[Bengaluru Monorail|Bengaluru]], [[Delhi Monorail|Delhi]], [[Indore Monorail|Indore]], [[Kanpur Monorail|Kanpur]], [[Navi Mumbai Monorail|Navi Mumbai]], [[Patna Monorail|Patna]], [[Pune Monorail|Pune]], [[Ahmedabad Monorail|Ahmedabad]], [[Aizawl Monorail|Aizawl]], [[Bhubaneswar Monorail|Bhubaneswar]], Jodhpur, [[Kota Kinabalu Monorail|Kota]], Nagpur and Nashik.

==== Tram ====
[[File:Kolkata transport.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Fibreglass made tram|New fibreglass made tram]]
{{Main|Trams in India}}

In addition to trains, trams were introduced in many cities in the late 19th century, though almost all of these have been phased out. The [[trams in Kolkata]] is currently the only tram system in the country.