Editing Toussaint Louverture (section)

==Legacy==
[[File:Général Toussaint Louverture.jpg|thumb|19th-century depiction of Louverture]]
In his absence, [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]] led the Haitian rebellion until its completion, finally defeating the French forces in 1803; this officially ended the only slave rebellion in world history which successfully established an independent nation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chapter 6 – Haiti: Historical Setting |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/httoc.html#ht0013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502055615/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/httoc.html#ht0013 |archive-date=2 May 2009 |access-date=18 September 2006 |work=Country Studies |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Dessalines promulgated the Declaration of Independence in 1804, declared himself emperor, and renamed the nation "''Ayiti''" after the indigenous [[Taíno]] name.<ref>MacCorkle, William Alexander (1915) [https://books.google.com/books?id=ntoDAAAAYAAJ&q=Haiti ''The Monroe Doctrine in its Relation to the Republic of Haiti''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407233407/https://books.google.com/books?id=ntoDAAAAYAAJ&q=Haiti|date=7 April 2023}}, Neale Publishing Company, p. 42.</ref> Along with Dessalines, Louverture is now known as one of the "Fathers of [[Haiti]]".<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />

[[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] claimed influence by Louverture in his plans to [[John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry|invade Harpers Ferry]]. During the 19th century, African Americans referred to Louverture as an example of how to reach freedom.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Clavin|first1=Matthew|title=A Second Haitian Revolution|journal=Civil War History|date=2008|volume=liv|issue=2}}</ref>

On 29 August 1954, the Haitian ambassador to France, [[Léon Thébaud]], inaugurated a stone cross memorial for Toussaint Louverture at the foot of Fort de Joux.<ref>{{cite book|title=Saint-Domingue espagnol et la révolution nègre d'Haïti|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J1AYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA346|year= 2007|editor-first=Alain|editor-last=Yacou |chapter=Vie et mort du général Toussaint-Louverture selon les dossiers conservés au Service Historique de la Défense, Château de Vincennes |publisher=Karthala Editions|language=fr|isbn=978-2811141516|page=346|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> Years afterward, the French government ceremoniously presented a shovelful of soil from the grounds of Fort de Joux to the [[Government of Haiti|Haitian government]] as a symbolic transfer of Louverture's remains.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} An inscription in his memory was installed in 1998 on the wall of the [[Panthéon, Paris|Panthéon]] in Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceredi.labos.univ-rouen.fr/public/?figures-de-toussaint-louverture.html |title=Le portrait du juge idéal selon Noël du Fail dans les Contes et Discours d'Eutrapel |last=le Cadet |first=Nicolas |date=21 October 2010 |website=Centre d’Études et de Recherche Éditer/Interpréter |publisher=[[University of Rouen]] |language=fr |access-date=5 April 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> His desire for personal power, the expulsion of Sonthonax, and his rehabilitation of the white planters have all attracted historical criticism.

The making of his legacy was also in the notion that he was devoted to his military leadership strategies and etiquette, that was looked upon with great attachment to the officers in his military command, as Sudhir Hazareesingh, author of Black Spartacus, says, “The absolute dedication Toussaint expected of his soldiers on the battlefield was more than exemplified by their commander. He was the epitome of the charismatic military leader: a model of sobriety; he slept only a few hours every night, drank no alcohol, and his capacity for physical endurance was greater than even the hardiest of men.” (Hazareesingh pg.72)

=== Family ===
The youngest child of Toussaint and Suzanne, Saint-Jean Toussaint, was affected by the death of his father, and died in 1804 in [[Agen]]. His wife, Suzanne, underwent torture from French soldiers until Toussaint's death, and was deported to Jamaica, where she died on May 19, 1816, in the arms of their surviving sons, Placide and Isaac. Both surviving brothers returned to France. In 1831, Placide married Joséphine de Lacaze, heiress to the Château du Parc (in [[Astaffort]], near Agen), with whom he had three children, Armand, Joseph and Rose (1823–1900). Of the three, only Rose lived to adulthood.