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====Motivation==== Testosterone levels play a major role in risk-taking during financial decisions.<ref name= "pmid19706398">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sapienza P, Zingales L, Maestripieri D | title = Gender differences in financial risk aversion and career choices are affected by testosterone | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 106 | issue = 36 | pages = 15268β15273 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19706398 | pmc = 2741240 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0907352106 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2009PNAS..10615268S }}</ref><ref name= "Apicella_2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Apicella CL, Dreber A, Campbell B, Gray PB, Hoffman M, Little AC | title = Testosterone and financial risk preferences | journal = Evolution and Human Behavior | volume = 29 | issue = 6 | pages = 384β90 |date= November 2008 | doi = 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.07.001 | bibcode = 2008EHumB..29..384A }}</ref> Higher testosterone levels in men reduce the risk of becoming or staying unemployed.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Eibich P, Kanabar R, Plum A, Schmied J | title = In and out of unemployment-Labour market transitions and the role of testosterone | journal = Economics and Human Biology | volume = 46 | pages = 101123 | date = August 2022 | pmid = 35338911 | doi = 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101123 | s2cid = 245383323 | doi-access = free | hdl = 10419/267153 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> Research has also found that heightened levels of testosterone and [[cortisol]] are associated with an increased risk of impulsive and violent criminal behavior.<ref>{{Cite news |vauthors=Dolan EW |date=2022-12-09 |title=Testosterone and cortisol levels are linked to criminal behavior, according to new research |url=https://www.psypost.org/2022/12/testosterone-and-cortisol-levels-are-linked-to-criminal-behavior-according-to-new-research-64477 |access-date=2023-08-09 |newspaper=Psypost β Psychology News |language=en-US |archive-date=August 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230437/https://www.psypost.org/2022/12/testosterone-and-cortisol-levels-are-linked-to-criminal-behavior-according-to-new-research-64477 |url-status=live }}</ref> On the other hand, elevated testosterone in men may increase their generosity, primarily to attract a potential mate.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-03-testosterone-impact-generosity.amp | title=Study shows that testosterone levels can have an impact on generosity | access-date=April 2, 2023 | archive-date=April 2, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402012017/https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-03-testosterone-impact-generosity.amp | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dreher JC, Dunne S, Pazderska A, Frodl T, Nolan JJ, O'Doherty JP | title = Testosterone causes both prosocial and antisocial status-enhancing behaviors in human males | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 113 | issue = 41 | pages = 11633β11638 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27671627 | pmc = 5068300 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1608085113 | bibcode = 2016PNAS..11311633D | doi-access = free }}</ref>
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