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===''Interior Castle''=== The ''Interior Castle'', or ''The Mansions'', (''{{langx|es|El Castillo Interior}}'' or ''Las Moradas'') was written in 1577, and published in 1588.<ref>[[#Ben|Introduction, p. 16, 21]].</ref><ref>[[#Te|Teresa, Introduction, p. 2]]</ref> It contained the basis for what she felt should be the ideal journey of [[Faith in Christianity|faith]], comparing the contemplative [[soul]] to a [[castle]] with seven successive interior courts, or chambers, analogous to the seven mansions. The work was inspired by her vision of the soul as a diamond in the shape of a castle containing seven mansions, which she interpreted as the journey of faith through seven stages, ending with union with God.{{sfnp|Detweiler|Jasper|2000|p=48}} Fray Diego, one of Teresa's former [[confessor]]s wrote that God revealed to Teresa: {{blockquote|... a most beautiful crystal globe, made in the shape of a castle, and containing seven mansions, in the seventh and innermost of which was the King of Glory, in the greatest splendour, illumining and beautifying them all. The nearer one got to the centre, the stronger was the light; outside the palace limits everything was foul, dark and infested with toads, vipers and other venomous creatures."<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Image| isbn = 0-385-03643-4| page = 8| last = Teresa of Avila| first = St. | title = Interior Castle| date = 1972-02-01}}</ref>}} [[Christia Mercer]], Columbia University philosophy professor, claims that the seventeenth-century Frenchman [[René Descartes]] lifted some of his most influential ideas from Teresa of Ávila, who, fifty years before Descartes, wrote popular books about the role of philosophical reflection in intellectual growth.{{sfn|Mercer|2017|pp=2539–2555}} She describes a number of striking similarities between Descartes's seminal work ''[[Meditations on First Philosophy]]'' and Teresa's ''Interior Castle''.<ref group=web name=CM2017 /> ====Translations==== * The first English translation was published in 1675. * Fr. John Dalton (1852). John Dalton’s translation of ''The Interior Castle'' contains an interesting preface and translations of other letters by St. Teresa. * Benedictines of Stanbrook, edited by Fr. Zimmerman (1921). The translation of ''The Interior Castle'' by the Benedictines of Stanbrook also has an excellent introduction and includes many cross-references to other works by St. Teresa. * E. Allison Peers (1946). E. Allison Peers’ translation of ''The Interior Castle'' is another popular public domain version translated by a professor and scholar of Hispanic studies. * Fr. Kieran Kavanaugh (1979). This translation also stays true to the text and contains many useful cross-references. An [https://www.amazon.com/Interior-Castle-Revised-Translated-Kavanaugh/dp/1939272807/ref=sr_1_2_sspa?crid=3RWD78VXQBYCC&keywords=the+interior+castle&qid=1643942725&s=books&sprefix=the+interior+castle%2Cstripbooks%2C191&sr=1-2-spons&psc=1&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXV updated study edition] contains comprehensive notes, reflection questions and a glossary. * ''The Interior Castle – The Mansions'', [[TAN Books]], 1997. {{ISBN|978-0-89555-604-2}} * Mirabai Starr (2004). Described as "free of religious dogma, this modern translation renders St. Teresa's work a beautiful and practical set of teachings for seekers of all faiths in need of spiritual guidance". [https://www.amazon.com/Interior-Castle-Teresa-Avila/dp/1594480052/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3RWD78VXQBYCC&keywords=the+interior+castle&qid=1643942816&s=books&sprefix=the+interior+castle%2Cstripbooks%2C191&sr=1-1 Starr’s interpretive version of ''The Interior Castle''] eliminates Teresa’s use of words such as "sin", which results in a translation which is more paraphrased than accurate translation and departs significantly from the original's meaning. * ''The Interior Castle – Modern update of the spiritual guide by Teresa of Avila''. by M.B. Anderson, Root Classics (publisher), 2022. {{ISBN|978-1-956314-01-4}}.{{efn|Learn more about [https://www.rootclassics.com/theinteriorcastle what was modified in the modern update of ''The Interior Castle''].}} ====In popular culture==== St. Teresa's mystical experiences have inspired several authors in modern times, but not necessarily from Teresa's Christian theological perspective. * She is mentioned in [[Elizabeth Goudge]]'s play, ''The Brontës of Haworth'' (in ''Three Plays'', Duckworth, London, 1939), as one of the authors included by Emily Brontë when she and her sister Charlotte are packing to go to Brussels. In the play, Emily is depicted as very interested in mysticism, and is also packing a book by [[Saint John of the Cross]], and another by [[John of Ruusbroec|John Ruysbroeck]] (John of Ruusbroec or Jan van Ruusbroec: 1293/94-1381: a medieval mystic from the Low Countries). * The 2006 book ''[[Eat Pray Love (book)|Eat, Pray, Love]]'' by [[Elizabeth Gilbert]] recognizes St. Teresa as "that most mystical of Catholic figures" and alludes to St. Teresa's ''Interior Castle'' as the "mansions of her being" and her journey as one of "divine meditative bliss".<ref>[[Eat Pray Love (book)|Eat, Pray, Love by Elizabeth Gilbert, Chapter 46.]]</ref> * The 2007 book by American spiritual author [[Caroline Myss]] ''Entering the Castle'' was inspired by St. Teresa's ''Interior Castle'', but still has a [[New Age]] approach to mysticism.<ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/story/215/story_21521_1.html 'God Doesn't Want Your Real Estate'] ''[[Beliefnet.com]]''.</ref><ref>[http://in.integralinstitute.org/talk.aspx?id=728 Entering the Castle] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226232649/http://in.integralinstitute.org/talk.aspx?id=728 |date=2009-02-26 }} ''Integral Institute''.</ref> * St. Teresa also inspired American author [[R. A. Lafferty]] in his novel ''[[Fourth Mansions]]'' (1969), which was nominated for the [[Nebula Award]] for [[Nebula Award for Best Novel|Best Novel]] in 1970. * [[Brooke Fraser]]'s song "Orphans, Kingdoms" was inspired by St. Teresa's ''Interior Castle''. * [[Jean Stafford]]'s short story 'The Interior Castle' relates the intense preoccupation of an accident victim with her own brain, which she sees variously as a jewel, a flower, a light in a glass and a set of envelopes within envelopes. * [[Jeffrey Eugenides]]' 2011 novel ''[[The Marriage Plot]]'' refers to St. Teresa's ''Interior Castle'' when recounting the religious experience of Mitchell Grammaticus, one of the main characters of the book. * Teen Daze's<ref>[http://asilentplanet.com/music 'Teen Daze, Official Website']</ref> 2012 release ''The Inner Mansions'' refers to St. Teresa's ''Interior Castle'' in the album's title as well as in the first track. "... have mercy on yourselves! If you realize your pitiable condition, how can you refrain from trying to remove the darkness from the crystal of your souls? Remember, if death should take you now, you would never again enjoy the light of this Sun".<ref>[http://sacred-texts.com/chr/tic/tic06.htm 'Chapter II, Internal Castle, Sacred-texts.com']</ref> This line appears dubbed over the musical introduction to "New Life".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140922142016/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/new-life/id561617525?i=561617526 'New Life, iTunes Store']</ref> * In Mark Williamson's ''ONE: a memoir'' (2018), the metaphor of the ''Interior Castle'' is used to describe an inner world of introspective reflection on past events, a set of "memory loci" based on the ancient system of recall for rhetorical purposes.
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