Editing Sunglasses (section)

=== Space ===
[[File:STS-116 Fuglesang EVA2 (ISS014-E-09795) head.jpg|thumb|2006: Swedish astronaut [[Christer Fuglesang]] wears glasses during a construction mission for the [[International Space Station]].]] Special protection is required for space travel because the sunlight is far more intense and harmful than on Earth, where it is always filtered through the [[atmosphere]]. Sun protection is needed against much higher UV radiation and even against harmful [[infrared]] radiation, both within and outside the spacecraft. Within the spacecraft, astronauts wear sunglasses with darker lenses and a thin protective [[gold]] coating. During [[space walk]]s, the visor of the astronauts' helmets, which also has a thin gold coating for extra protection, functions as strong sunglasses.<ref name="NASA glasses">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20021104204751/http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/spinoff2002/ch_2.html ''no author'' (''no date''). Spinoff 2002. Space-Age Shades. ''Scientific and Technical Information (STI)'' on the]}} [[NASA]] website (retrieved on 21 September 2009)</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.silhouette-international.com/silhouette/press/meilensteine_eng.doc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-09-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514115437/http://www.silhouette-international.com/silhouette/press/meilensteine_eng.doc |archive-date=2013-05-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Optikum, Unabhängiges Augenoptik-Panorama|url=http://www.optikum.at/469.htm|title=optikum, UNABHÄNGIGES AUGENOPTIK-PANORAMA – Silhouette Titan Minimal Art Space Edition – Die leichteste Brille des Universums|publisher=Optikum.at|access-date=2010-05-13|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428091442/http://www.optikum.at/469.htm|archive-date=2010-04-28}}</ref> The frames of sunglasses and corrective glasses used in space must meet special requirements. They must be flexible and durable, and must fit firmly in zero-gravity. Reliable fit is particularly important when wearing corrective glasses underneath tight helmets and in space suits: once inside the spacesuit, slipped glasses cannot be touched to push them back into place, sometimes for up to ten hours. Frames and glasses must be designed so that small pieces of the glasses such as screws and glass particles cannot become dislodged, then float and be inhaled. 90% of astronauts wear glasses in space, even if they do not require corrective glasses on Earth, because zero-gravity and pressure changes temporarily affect their vision.<ref name="NASA glasses" />

The first sunglasses used in a Moon landing were the original [[#Aviator|pilot sunglasses]] produced by [[American Optical Company|American Optical]]. In 1969 they were used aboard the ''Eagle'', the [[Apollo Lunar Module|Lunar Module]] of [[Apollo 11]], the first crewed mission to land on the Moon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaapilots.com/html/american_optical_aviator_sungl.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521174037/http://www.aaapilots.com/html/american_optical_aviator_sungl.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2007-05-21 |title=''no author'' (''no date''). American Optical Flight Gear Vintage Sunglasses. on ''AAA Pilot Supplies'' (retrieved on 21 September 2009) |publisher=Aaapilots.com |date=1969-07-20 |access-date=2010-05-13 }}</ref> NASA research primarily by scientists James B. Stephens and Charles G. Miller at the [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] (JPL) resulted in special lenses that protected against the light in space and during laser and [[welding]] work. The lenses used colored dyes and small particles of [[zinc oxide]], which absorbs ultraviolet light and is also used in [[sunscreen]] lotions. The research was later broadened to further terrestrial applications, ''e.g.'', deserts, mountains, and fluorescent-lighted offices, and the technology was commercially marketed by a U.S. company.<ref>[http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/Spinoff2006/ch_6.html ''no author'' (2006). Look Sharp While Seeing Sharp. (Originating Technology/NASA Contribution).] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325015909/http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/Spinoff2006/ch_6.html |date=March 25, 2012 }} ''Spinoff 2006'', NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI). Retrieved 17 October 2009.</ref> Since 2002 NASA uses the frame of the designer model ''Titan Minimal Art'' of the Austrian company [[Silhouette (eyewear)|Silhouette]], combined with specially dark lenses developed jointly by the company and "the" NASA [[optometrist]] Keith Manuel. The frame is very light at 1.8 grams, and does not have screws or hinges that could detach.<ref name="NASA glasses" />

<gallery>
 EdwinAldrin big.jpg|1969 on board the [[Apollo 11|Eagle]]: [[Buzz Aldrin]] stows his sunglasses before the Moon landing.
 Aldrin Apollo 11 head.jpg|1969: Helmet visor protecting [[Buzz Aldrin|Aldrin]]'s eyes on the Moon
</gallery>