Editing Stomach (section)

==Clinical significance==
[[File:Stomach endoscopy 1.jpg|thumb|An [[endoscopy]] of a normal stomach of a healthy 65-year-old woman]]
[[File:Fundic gland polyposis0001.jpg|thumb|Endoscopic image of a fundic gland [[polyp (medicine)|polyp]]]]

===Diseases===
{{Main article|Stomach disease}}
A [[Upper gastrointestinal series|series of radiographs]] can be used to examine the stomach for various disorders. This will often include the use of a [[Upper gastrointestinal series|barium swallow]]. Another method of examination of the stomach, is the use of an [[endoscopy|endoscope]]. A [[gastric emptying study]] is considered the gold standard to assess the gastric emptying rate.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Masaoka|first1=Tatsuhiro|last2=Tack|first2=Jan|title=Gastroparesis: Current Concepts and Management|journal=Gut and Liver|date=30 September 2009|volume=3|issue=3|pages=166–173|doi=10.5009/gnl.2009.3.3.166|pmc=2852706|pmid=20431741}}</ref>

A large number of studies have indicated that most cases of [[peptic ulcer]]s, and [[gastritis]], in humans are caused by ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' infection, and an association has been seen with the development of [[stomach cancer]].<ref name="Brown">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=LM|title=Helicobacter pylori: epidemiology and routes of transmission|journal=Epidemiologic Reviews|date=2000|volume=22|issue=2|pages=283–97|pmid=11218379|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a018040|doi-access=free}}</ref>

A [[stomach rumble]] is actually noise from the intestines.

===Surgery===
In humans, many [[bariatric surgery]] procedures involve the stomach, in order to lose weight. A [[Adjustable gastric band|gastric band]] may be placed around the cardia area, which can adjust to limit intake. The [[Sleeve gastrectomy|anatomy of the stomach may be modified]], or the stomach may be [[Gastric bypass surgery|bypassed entirely]].

Surgical removal of the stomach is called a [[gastrectomy]], and removal of the cardia area is a called a '''cardiectomy'''.  "Cardiectomy" is a term that is also used to describe the removal of the [[heart]].<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cardiectomy cardiectomy] at dictionary.reference.com</ref><ref Name="BARLOW">{{cite journal  | author =Barlow, O. W. | title =The survival of the circulation in the frog web after cardiectomy  | journal =Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 35| issue = 1 | pages = 17–24 | year=1929  | url =http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/35/1/17  | access-date = February 24, 2008 }}</ref><ref Name="MELTZER">{{cite journal | title =The effect of strychnin in cardiectomized frogs with destroyed lymph hearts; a demonstration | journal = Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine| volume =10  | issue =2  | year =1913  | pages =23–24 | doi = 10.3181/00379727-10-16| last1 =Meltzer  | first1 =S. J.  | s2cid = 76506379| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1450222}}</ref> A gastrectomy may be carried out because of gastric cancer or severe perforation of the stomach wall.

[[Nissen fundoplication|Fundoplication]] is stomach surgery in which the fundus is wrapped around the lower esophagus and stitched into place.  It is used to treat [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease|gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)]].<ref name=Minjarez06>{{cite journal |first1=Renee C. |last1=Minjarez |first2=Blair A. |last2=Jobe |title=Surgical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. |journal=GI Motility Online |year=2006 |url=http://www.nature.com/gimo/contents/pt1/full/gimo56.html |doi=10.1038/gimo56|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 }}</ref>

===Etymology===
The word ''stomach'' is derived from [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ''stomachos'' ({{lang|el|στόμαχος}}), ultimately from ''stoma'' ({{lang|el|στόμα}}) 'mouth'.<ref>{{cite book|author=Simpson, J. A. |title=The Oxford English dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic12simp |url-access=registration |date=1989|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780198611868|edition=2nd|at=Stomach}}</ref> ''Gastro-'' and ''gastric'' (meaning 'related to the stomach') are both derived from Greek ''gaster'' ({{lang|el|γαστήρ}}) 'belly'.<ref>[http://classic.studylight.org/lex/grk/view.cgi?number=1064 gasth/r]. The New Testament Greek Lexicon</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gaster?r=75&src=ref&ch=dic gaster]. dictionary.reference.com</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Simpson, J. A. |title=The Oxford English dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic12simp |url-access=registration |date=1989|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780198611868|edition=2nd|at=Gastro, Gastric}}</ref>