Editing Social capital (section)

=== Consummatory, instrumental ===
There are two other sub-sources of social capital:<ref name="Portes p. 7-8">Portes pp. 7–8</ref>

# '''Consummatory capital''': a behavior that is made up of actions that fulfill a basis of doing what is inherent. 
#* Examples include value interjection and solidarity.
# '''Instrumental capital''': behavior that is taught through ones surroundings over time.

==== Consummatory capital ====
Consummatory capital a behavior that is made up of actions that fulfill a basis of doing what is inherent. Two examples of consummatory social capital are value interjection and solidarity.<ref name="Portes p. 7-8" />

'''Value interjection:''' refers to the behavior of individuals or groups adhering to [[Social norm|societal norms]] by meeting expected obligations, such as following established rules, timely bill payments, and punctuality. Diligent adherence contributes personal advantages like financial stability and improved relationships, as well as broader societal gains, including enhanced market confidence and perceived reliability.

Coleman goes on to say that when people live in this way and benefit from this type of social capital, individuals in the society are able to rest assured that their belongings and family will be safe.<ref>Portes p. 7</ref> This understanding of '''solidarity''' may be traced to 19th century [[socialism|socialist]] thinkers, whose main focus was the urban working class of the [[Industrial Revolution]]. They analyzed the reasons these workers supported each other for the benefit of the group and held that this support was an adaptation to the immediate social environment, as opposed to a trait that had been taught to the workers in their youth.<ref name="Portes p. 7-8" /> As another example, Coleman states that possessing this type of social capital individuals to stand up for what they believe in, and even die for it, in the face of adversity.<ref name="Portes p. 8">Portes p. 8</ref>

While the notion of ''solidarity as social capital'' is sometimes attributed to [[Karl Marx]], in particular, the term ''social capital'' had a quite different meaning for Marx. All forms of "capital" were, for Marx, possessed only by capitalists and he emphasized the basis of labour in capitalist society, as a class constituted by individuals obliged to sell their [[labour power]], because they lacked sufficient capital, in any sense of the word, to do otherwise. Marx saw "social capital" as a theoretical total amount of capital, purely in the sense of accumulated wealth or property, that existed in a particular society. He thereby contrasted it with specific and discrete "individual capital."<ref>[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1885-c2/ch18.htm Karl Marx, 1885, ''Capital Volume II, Part III: The Reproduction and Circulation of the Aggregate Social Capital, Chapter 18: Introduction I. The Subject Investigated''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204150311/https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1885-c2/ch18.htm |date=4 February 2023 }}, (24 March 2017).</ref>

==== Instrumental capital ====
Instrumental capital is behavior that is taught through one's surroundings over time. Individuals donating their resources are not seeking direct repayment from the recipient, but motivated by membership in the same social structure. Donors might not see a direct repayment, but, most commonly, they will be held by the society in greater honor.<ref name="Portes p. 8" />

Portes mentions the donation of a scholarship to a member of the same ethnic group as an example of this. The donor is not giving up resources to be directly repaid by the recipient, but, as stated above, the honor of the community. With this in mind, recipients might not know the benefactor personally, but prospers as a member of the same social group.<ref>Portes pp. 8–9</ref>

Social capital is also linked with religious communities. Religion represents an important aspect of social capital ([[religious social capital]]).<ref>Wojciech Sadłoń, ''Religijny kapitał społeczny. Saabrucken'', Bezkresy Wiedzy, 2014, p.&nbsp;297. {{ISBN|978-3639891119}}.</ref>