Editing Shanghai (section)

==Economy==
{{hatnote|Main article on Chinese Wikipedia: {{lang|zh|[[:zh:上海经济|上海经济]]}}}}

[[File:大上海都市圈.jpg|thumb|Greater Shanghai Metropolitan Area<ref>{{citation|title=上海大都市圈协同规划：把零散的蓝图拼成一张贯通的愿景图|url=https://ghzyj.sh.gov.cn/gzdt/20201009/3e74e232eb4f4436a3972b63e1f8adf1.html|website=ghzyj.sh.gov.cn|access-date=18 January 2024|archive-date=17 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117181510/https://ghzyj.sh.gov.cn/gzdt/20201009/3e74e232eb4f4436a3972b63e1f8adf1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=重磅规划公布！一文看懂上海大都市圈十大特质，江浙各有四个城市被纳入，到底有多牛？！|url=https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/569267442|website=zhuanlan.zhihu.com|access-date=18 January 2024|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907214748/https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/569267442|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%;"
! City
! Area km<sup>2</sup>
! [[2020 Chinese census|Population (2020)]]
! GDP (CN¥)<ref name="GDP2022">The GDP figures are from the statistical bulletin on 2022 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of relevant cities, see {{cite web|title=2022年GDP100强城市榜：江苏13市均超4000亿，10强有变化|url=https://yicai.com/news/101703850.html|publisher=yicai.com|access-date=18 January 2024|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131014728/https://www.yicai.com/news/101703850.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! GDP (US$)
|-
| Shanghai || 6,341 || 26,875,500 || CN¥ 4,465 billion || US$663.9 billion
|-
| [[Suzhou]] || 8,488 || 12,748,252 || CN¥ 2,396 billion || US$356.0 billion
|-
| [[Ningbo]] || 9,816 || 9,618,000 || CN¥ 1,570 billion || US$233.5 billion
|-
| [[Wuxi]] || 4,628 || 7,462,135 || CN¥ 1,485 billion || US$221.0 billion
|-
| [[Nantong]] || 8,544 || 7,726,635 || CN¥ 1,138 billion || US$169.2 billion
|-
| [[Changzhou]] || 4,385 || 5,278,121 || CN¥ 955 billion || US$142.0 billion
|-
| [[Jiaxing]] || 4,009 || 5,400,868 || CN¥ 551 billion || US$73.6 billion
|-
| [[Huzhou]] || 5,818 || 3,367,579 || CN¥ 272 billion || US$40.7 billion
|-
| [[Zhoushan]] || 1,378 || 1,157,817 || CN¥ 151 billion || US$20.0 billion
|-
|- style="background:#feb;"
| '''Greater Shanghai Metropolitan Area''' || '''53,407''' || '''79,634,907''' || '''CN¥ 12.983 trillion''' || ''' US$1.927 trillion''' 
|-
|}

Shanghai has been described as the "showpiece" of the booming [[economy of China]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7373394.stm|title=Shanghai: China's capitalist showpiece|last=Hunt|first=Katie|date=21 May 2008|work=BBC News|access-date=7 August 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806011156/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7373394.stm|archive-date=6 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2003/01/27/stories/2003012700170300.htm|title=Of Shanghai... and Suzhou|date=27 January 2003|newspaper=Business Line|access-date=20 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050819054503/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2003/01/27/stories/2003012700170300.htm|archive-date=19 August 2005}}</ref> The city is a global center for [[finance]] and [[Science and technology in China|innovation]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zyen.com/media/documents/GFCI_26_Report_v1.0.pdf|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 26|date=September 2019|website=[[Z/Yen]]|pages=17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003083940/https://www.zyen.com/media/documents/GFCI_26_Report_v1.0.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2019|access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://technode.com/2017/03/07/shanghai-tops-next-global-innovation-hub-ranking|title=Shanghai tops next global innovation hub ranking|last=Yu|first=Sheila|date=7 March 2017|access-date=31 August 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831070105/https://technode.com/2017/03/07/shanghai-tops-next-global-innovation-hub-ranking/|archive-date=31 August 2019|website=TechNode}}</ref> and a national center for commerce, trade, and transportation,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scio.gov.cn/ztk/dtzt/07/03/Document/485318/485318.htm|script-title=zh:上海简介|date=4 December 2009|access-date=4 September 2019|publisher=国务院新闻办公室|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904090216/http://www.scio.gov.cn/ztk/dtzt/07/03/Document/485318/485318.htm|archive-date=4 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> with the world's busiest container port—the [[Port of Shanghai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports/|title=Top 50 World Container Ports|website=World Shipping Council|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704184751/http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports|archive-date=4 July 2012|access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref> As of 2018, the Greater Shanghai metropolitan area, which includes [[Suzhou]], [[Wuxi]], [[Nantong]], [[Ningbo]], [[Jiaxing]], [[Zhoushan]], and [[Huzhou]], was estimated to produce a [[gross metropolitan product]] of nearly 9.1 trillion [[Renminbi|RMB]] ($1.33 trillion in [[GDP (nominal)|nominal]] or $2.08 trillion in [[GDP PPP|PPP]]), exceeding that of [[Mexico]] with GDP (nominal) of $1.22 trillion, the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|15th largest]] in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2018 GDP (current US$): Mexico, Indonesia and Spain |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?end=2021&locations=MX-ID-ES&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2018&view=bar&year_high_desc=true |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=data.worldbank.org |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828100501/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?end=2021&locations=MX-ID-ES&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2018&view=bar&year_high_desc=true |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=于小明 |title=Shanghai metro area most promising region in China |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201906/20/WS5d0b3dc8a3103dbf14329593.html |access-date=11 March 2022 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn |archive-date=19 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119125525/https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201906/20/WS5d0b3dc8a3103dbf14329593.html |url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2020, the economy of Shanghai was estimated to be $1 trillion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]), ranking the most productive metro area of China and among the top ten [[List of cities by GDP|largest metropolitan economies]] in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Wealth PPP Distribution: Who Are The Leaders Of The Global Economy? – Full Size|url=https://www.visualcapitalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Global-Wealth-PPP-Distribution.html|access-date=22 January 2022|website=www.visualcapitalist.com|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020135357/https://www.visualcapitalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Global-Wealth-PPP-Distribution.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Shanghai's six largest industries—[[retail]], finance, [[IT]], [[real estate]], [[machine industry|machine manufacturing]], and [[automotive manufacturing]]—comprise about half the city's GDP.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/sjfb/201103/84307.html |script-title=zh:主要年份六大支柱产业增加值|publisher =Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau|language =zh|access-date =20 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140304223405/http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/sjfb/201103/84307.html|archive-date =4 March 2014}}</ref>

{{As of|2024||df=US}}, Shanghai had a GDP of {{CNY|5.39 trillion|link=yes}} ($757 billion in nominal; $1.52 trillion in [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]) that makes up 4% of China's GDP, and a [[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita|GDP per capita]] of {{CNY|216,791}} ({{US$|30,448}} in nominal; {{US$|61,068}} in PPP).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-31 |title=四大直辖市GDP数据出炉！上海总量第一，北京人均领先！ |url=https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1822726190325995337&wfr=spider&for=pc |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Implied PPP conversion rate 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PPPEX@WEO//CHN |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=World Economic Outlook (IMF)}}</ref> In 2022, the average annual [[disposable income]] of Shanghai's residents was {{CNY|79,610}} ({{US$|11,836}}) per capita, while the average annual salary of people employed in urban units in Shanghai was {{CNY|212,476}} ({{US$|31,589}}),<ref name="data2022" /> making it one of the wealthiest cities in China,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zhejiang eclipsed only by Shanghai, Beijing in per capita disposable income|url=https://subsites.chinadaily.com.cn/ezhejiang/2022-01/21/c_700519.htm|access-date=13 February 2022|website=subsites.chinadaily.com.cn|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406035300/https://subsites.chinadaily.com.cn/ezhejiang/2022-01/21/c_700519.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> but also the most expensive city in [[mainland China]] to live in according to a 2023 study by the [[Economist Intelligence Unit]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 November 2023 |title=These are the world's most expensive cities |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2023/11/29/these-are-the-worlds-most-expensive-cities |access-date=2023-12-19 |issn=0013-0613 |archive-date=2 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902010115/https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2023/11/29/these-are-the-worlds-most-expensive-cities |url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2018, Shanghai has been hosting the [[China International Import Expo]] (CIIE) annually, the world's first import-themed national-level expo.

In 2023, the city's imports and exports reached CN¥7.73 trillion (US$1.07 trillion), accounting for 18.5% of the national total.<ref>{{Cite web|title=上海国际服务门户英文网International Economic Center|url=https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-ThisisShanghai/20231207/b95bf84b575b48999583d3513e997985.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231223210/https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-ThisisShanghai/20231207/b95bf84b575b48999583d3513e997985.html|url-status=live|archive-date=31 December 2023|access-date=3 June 2024|website=International Service Shanghai}}</ref>

According to Julius Baer's Global Wealth and Lifestyle Report, Shanghai was the most expensive city in the world for living a luxurious lifestyle in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For the Rich, Living in Asia Is Costlier Than Anywhere Else|author-first1=Yoojung|author-last1=Lee|author-first2=Denise|author-last2=Wee|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-09/for-the-rich-living-in-asia-is-costlier-than-anywhere-else|access-date=13 February 2022|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=9 April 2021|archive-date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413222837/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-09/for-the-rich-living-in-asia-is-costlier-than-anywhere-else|url-status=live}}</ref> Shanghai was the 5th wealthiest city in the world, with a total wealth amounts to $1.8 trillion,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wealth|first=New World|title=The Wealthiest Cities in the World 2021|url=https://newworldwealth.com/reports/f/the-wealthiest-cities-in-the-world-2021|access-date=22 January 2022|website=New World Wealth|language=en-ZA|archive-date=22 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122050955/https://newworldwealth.com/reports/f/the-wealthiest-cities-in-the-world-2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Shanghai was ranked [[List of cities by number of billionaires|fifth-highest]] in the number of billionaires by Forbes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McEvoy |first=Jemima |title=Where The Richest Live: The Cities With The Most Billionaires 2022 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2022/04/05/where-the-richest-live-the-cities-with-the-most-billionaires-2022/ |access-date=23 April 2022 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909022520/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2022/04/05/where-the-richest-live-the-cities-with-the-most-billionaires-2022/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Shanghai's [[nominal GDP]] was projected to reach US$1.3 trillion in 2035 (ranking first in China), making it one of the world's Top 5 major cities in terms of [[Gross regional product|GRP]] according to a study by Oxford Economics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=These will be the most important cities by 2035|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/cities-in-2035/|access-date=3 November 2020|website=World Economic Forum|date=31 October 2019|language=en|archive-date=3 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103162218/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/cities-in-2035/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of August 2024, Shanghai ranked 4th in the world and 2nd in China (after Beijing) by the largest number of the [[Fortune Global 500#Fortune Global 500 of 2021|''Fortune'' Global 500]] companies in the world.<ref name="FG">{{Cite web |title=Fortune Global 500 |url=https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/2024/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=Fortune |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822093815/https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/2024/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| style="margin:0 auto 0 auto; border:1px solid #999; background:#fff;font-size:80%;" border="0" cellpadding="3"
|+ Economy of Shanghai since the [[Chinese economic reform]]
|- style="text-align: center; background: #ccc;"
! Year
! 1978
! 1980
! 1983
! 1986
! 1990
! 1993
! 1996
! 2000
! 2003
! 2006
! 2010
! 2013
! 2016
! 2017
! 2018<ref name="SHECO2018">{{cite web |script-title = zh:2018年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |trans-title = Statistical Communiqué of Shanghai on the 2018 National Economic and Social Development |website = tjj.sh.gov.cn |publisher = Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau |date = 1 March 2019 |language = zh |access-date = 1 September 2019 |url = http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/html/sjfb/201903/1003219.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502183918/http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/html/sjfb/201903/1003219.html |archive-date = 2 May 2019 |url-status = dead}}</ref>
! 2019<ref name="SHECO2019">{{Cite web |last= |date=21 March 2024 |title=2023年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |url=https://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjgb/20240321/f66c5b25ce604a1f9af755941d5f454a.html |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530163249/https://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjgb/20240321/f66c5b25ce604a1f9af755941d5f454a.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|- align=right
|{{nowrap|GDP <small>(¥T)</small><ref name="SHSTAT2018:4.1">{{cite web|url=http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje/E0405.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324014915/http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje%2FE0405.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 March 2020|title=4.5 PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (1978～2017)|access-date=29 October 2019|publisher=Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau}}</ref>}}
|0.027
|0.031
|0.035
|0.049
|0.078
|0.152
|0.298
|0.481
|0.676
|1.072
|1.744
|2.226
|2.818
|3.063
|3.268
|3.816
|- align=right
|{{nowrap|GDP per capita <small>(¥K)</small><ref name="SHSTAT2018:4.1" />}}
|2.85
|2.73
|2.95
|3.96
|5.91
|11.06
|20.81
|30.31
|38.88
|55.62
|77.28
|92.85
|116.58
|126.63
|134.83
|157.14
|- align=right
|{{nowrap|Average disposable income<br />(urban) <small>(¥K)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje%2FE1013.htm|title=10.13 DISPOSABLE INCOME AND ITS COMPOSITION OF URBAN RESIDENTS (2015～2017)|access-date=29 October 2019|publisher=Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324014939/http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje%2FE1013.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SHSTAT2018:10.25">{{cite web|url=http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje%2FE1025.htm|title=10.25 PER CAPITA INCOME AND CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN MAIN YEARS|access-date=29 October 2019|publisher=Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau|language=zh|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324014824/http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje%2FE1025.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje%2FE1027.htm|title=10.27 PER CAPITA DISPOSABLE INCOME OF URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN MAIN YEARS|access-date=29 October 2019|publisher=Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau|language=zh|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324014932/http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje%2FE1027.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|
|0.64
|
|
|2.18
|4.28
|8.16
|11.72
|14.87
|20.67
|31.84
|43.85
|57.69
|62.60
|rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|64.18<br />(total)
|rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|69.44<br />(total)
|- align=right
|{{nowrap|Average disposable income<br />(rural) <small>(¥K)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje%2FE1014.htm|title=10.14 DISPOSABLE INCOME AND ITS COMPOSITION OF RURAL RESIDENTS (2015～2017)|access-date=29 October 2019|publisher=Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324014923/http://tjj.sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje18.htm?d1=2018tjnje%2FE1014.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SHSTAT2018:10.25" />}}
|
|0.40
|
|
|1.67
|
|4.85
|5.57
|6.66
|9.21
|13.75
|19.21
|25.52
|27.82
|
|}

Shanghai was the largest and most prosperous city in [[East Asia]] during the 1930s, and its rapid redevelopment began in the 1990s.<ref name="1930hub" /> In the last two decades, Shanghai has been one of the fastest-developing cities in the world; it has recorded double-digit GDP growth in almost every year between 1992 and 2008, before the [[2008 financial crisis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje11.htm?d1=2011tjnje/E0109.htm |title=Growth rate of major national economic indicators over preceding year (1978～2010) |publisher=Stats-sh.gov.cn |access-date=11 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111042716/http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/tjnj/nje11.htm?d1=2011tjnje%2FE0109.htm |archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref>

===Finance===
[[File:Shanghai Stock Exchange 2.jpg|thumb|The [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]] is one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization.]]
Shanghai is a global [[financial center]], ranking first in the whole of Asia & Oceania region and third globally (after New York and London) in the 28th edition of the [[Global Financial Centres Index]],<ref name="GFCI2">{{Cite web|title=GFCI 28 Rank|url=https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-28-explore-data/gfci-28-rank/|access-date=27 September 2020|website=Long Finance|archive-date=4 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104141441/https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-28-explore-data/gfci-28-rank/|url-status=live}}</ref> published in September 2020 by [[Z/Yen]] and [[China Development Institute]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2020|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 28|url=https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_28_Full_Report_2020.09.25_v1.1.pdf|access-date=27 September 2020|website=[[Z/Yen]]|pages=1, 2|archive-date=18 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118104905/https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_28_Full_Report_2020.09.25_v1.1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Shanghai is also a large hub of the Chinese and global technology industry and home to a large startup ecosystem. As of 2021, the city was ranked as the 2nd [[Fintech]] powerhouse in the world after New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 2021|title=Global Financial Centres Index 29|url=https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_29_Full_Report_2021.03.17_v1.2.pdf|access-date=4 October 2021|website=Z/Yen Group|page=3|quote=New York continues to lead the FinTech ranking, followed by Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, and London|archive-date=18 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718204719/https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_29_Full_Report_2021.03.17_v1.2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{As of|2019||df=}}, the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]] had a [[market capitalization]] of {{US$|4.02 trillion}}, making it the largest [[stock exchange]] in China and the [[List of stock exchanges|fourth-largest stock exchange]] in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.valuewalk.com/2019/02/top-10-largest-stock-exchanges/|title=Top 10 Largest Stock Exchanges In The World By Market Capitalization|last=Shukla|first=Vikas|date=19 February 2019|website=ValueWalk|language=en-US|access-date=20 October 2019}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> In 2009, the trading volume of six key commodities—including rubber, copper, and zinc—on the [[Shanghai Futures Exchange]] all ranked first globally.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://english.cntv.cn/english/special/news/20110119/109180.shtml |title = The rise of Lujiazui Financial City in Shanghai |publisher = CCTV News – CNTV English |date=19 January 2011 |access-date=17 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118232503/http://english.cntv.cn/english/special/news/20110119/109180.shtml |archive-date=18 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> By the end of 2017, Shanghai had 1,491 financial institutions, of which 251 were foreign-invested.<ref name="hktdc.com">{{cite web|url=http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/Fast-Facts/SHANGHAI-MUNICIPALITY/ff/en/1/1X000000/1X06BVOR.htm|title=Shanghai: Market Profile|date=29 March 2019|website=HKTDC Research|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020060040/http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/Fast-Facts/SHANGHAI-MUNICIPALITY/ff/en/1/1X000000/1X06BVOR.htm|archive-date=20 October 2019|access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref>

In September 2013, with the backing of Chinese Premier [[Li Keqiang]], the city launched the [[Shanghai Free-Trade Zone]]—the first [[free-trade zone]] in mainland China. The zone introduced a number of pilot reforms designed to incentivize foreign investment. In April 2014, ''[[The Banker]]'' reported that Shanghai "has attracted the highest volumes of financial sector [[foreign direct investment]] in the Asia-Pacific region in the 12 months to the end of January 2014."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thebanker.com/Banker-Data/International-Financial-Centres/Shanghai-top-for-FDI-into-Asia-Pacific |title=Shanghai top for FDI into Asia-Pacific |publisher=The Banker |date=1 April 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709152447/http://www.thebanker.com/Banker-Data/International-Financial-Centres/Shanghai-top-for-FDI-into-Asia-Pacific |archive-date=9 July 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2014, ''[[fDi magazine]]'' named Shanghai the "Chinese Province of the Future 2014/15" due to "particularly impressive performances in the Business Friendliness and Connectivity categories, as well as placing second in the Economic Potential and Human Capital and Lifestyle categories."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fdiintelligence.com/Locations/Asia-Pacific/China/Chinese-Provinces-of-the-Future-2014-15 |title=Chinese Provinces of the Future 2014/15 |publisher=[[FDi magazine]] |date=11 August 2014 |access-date=17 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206080117/http://www.fdiintelligence.com/Locations/Asia-Pacific/China/Chinese-Provinces-of-the-Future-2014-15 |archive-date=6 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Manufacturing===
[[File:F-22P PNS Zulfiquar.JPG|thumb|left|The [[F-22P]] frigate built by [[Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding|Hudong-Zhonghua]] for the [[Pakistan Navy]]]]
As one of the main industrial centers of China, Shanghai plays a key role in domestic manufacturing and [[heavy industry]]. Several industrial zones—including Shanghai Hongqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Jinqiao Export Economic Processing Zone, Minhang Economic and Technological Development Zone, and Shanghai Caohejing High-Tech Development Zone—are backbones of Shanghai's [[secondary sector]]. Shanghai is home to China's largest steelmaker [[Baosteel Group]], China's largest [[shipbuilding]] base [[Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding|Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding Group]], and one of China's oldest shipbuilders, the [[Jiangnan Shipyard]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bw/2009-11/30/content_9074353.htm |title=Shipping industry woes |work=China Daily |date=30 November 2009 |access-date=17 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606062813/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bw/2009-11/30/content_9074353.htm |archive-date=6 June 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200104/10/eng20010410_67333.html |title=China's Largest Shipbuilding Industry Based in Shanghai |work=People's Daily |date=10 April 2001 |access-date=15 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116115328/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200104/10/eng20010410_67333.html |archive-date=16 January 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Auto manufacturing is another important industry. The Shanghai-based [[SAIC Motor]] is one of the three largest automotive corporations in China, and has strategic partnerships with [[Volkswagen]] and [[General Motors]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saicgroup.com/English/sqjt/gsjs/index.shtml |script-title=zh:上海汽车工业（集团）总公司&#124;上汽集团 |publisher=Saicgroup |date=18 August 2009 |access-date=17 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529020940/https://www.saicgroup.com/English/sqjt/gsjs/index.shtml |archive-date=29 May 2011}}</ref> The company ranked 84 on the Fortune Global 500 list in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SAIC Motor ranks 84th on Fortune Global 500 list|url=https://www.saicmotor.com/english/latest_news/saic_motor/58869.shtml|date=7 August 2023|access-date=3 June 2024|website=SAIC Motor|archive-date=3 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603144409/https://www.saicmotor.com/english/latest_news/saic_motor/58869.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

During the [[History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)|Mao era]], Shanghai's economy primarily focused on light industry.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hirata |first=Koji |title=Making Mao's Steelworks: Industrial Manchuria and the Transnational Origins of Chinese Socialism |date=2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-009-38227-4 |series=Cambridge Studies in the History of the People's Republic of China series |location=New York, NY}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=1–2}}

=== Tourism ===
{{Main list|List of tourist attractions in Shanghai}}

[[File:East Nanjing Road at night, Shanghai.jpg|alt=The Nanjing Pedestrian Street at night. This is a popular commercial center in Shanghai.|thumb|right|[[Nanjing Road]] near The Bund at night. This is a popular commercial center in Shanghai.]]
Tourism is a major industry of Shanghai. In 2017, the number of domestic tourists increased by 7.5% to 318 million, while the number of overseas tourists increased by 2.2% to 8.73 million.<ref name="hktdc.com" /> In 2017, Shanghai was the highest earning tourist city in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Töre |first=Özgür |title=WTTC reveals the world's best performing tourism cities |url=https://ftnnews.com/other-news/35281-wttc-reveals-the-world-s-best-performing-tourism-cities |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=ftnnews.com |date=22 October 2018 |language=en-gb |archive-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807052628/https://ftnnews.com/other-news/35281-wttc-reveals-the-world-s-best-performing-tourism-cities |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2023}}, Shanghai had 57 [[five star hotel|five-star hotel]]s, 52 [[four star hotel]]s, 1,942 [[travel agencies]], 144 [[Tourist Attraction Rating Categories of China|rated tourist attractions]], and 34 [[Red tourism|red tourist]] attractions.<ref name="SHECO2019" />

In 2023, Shanghai's tourism industry generated an added value of CN¥177.12 billion (US$24.53 billion), marking a remarkable 98.5% increase compared to the previous year. The city welcomed a total of 3.64 million tourists, a 4.8-fold growth compared to 2022. The number of foreign tourists reached 2.41 million with a 5.2-fold increase.<ref name="SHECO2019" />

The conference and meeting sector is also growing. According to the [[International Congress and Convention Association]], Shanghai hosted 82 international meetings in 2018, a 34% increase from 61 in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=2018 ICCA Statistics Report Country & City Rankings Public Abstract|url=http://www.iccaworld.org/dcps/doc.cfm?docid=2321|publisher=[[International Congress and Convention Association]]|page=28|date=June 2019|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021015554/https://www.iccaworld.org/dcps/doc.cfm?docid=2321|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2017 ICCA Statistics Report Country & City Rankings Public Abstract|url=https://www.iccaworld.org/dcps/doc.cfm?docid=2241|publisher=[[International Congress and Convention Association]]|page=25|date=June 2018|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329021310/https://www.iccaworld.org/dcps/doc.cfm?docid=2241|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Free-trade zone===
{{main|Shanghai Free-Trade Zone}}

Shanghai is home to China (Shanghai) Pilot Free-Trade Zone, the first free-trade zone in mainland China.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2019-08/26/content_5424636.htm |script-title=zh:再添6个！18个自贸试验区构筑开放新版图|date=26 August 2019|access-date=26 September 2019|work=[[Xinhua News]]|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827050831/http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2019-08/26/content_5424636.htm|archive-date=27 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> {{as of|October 2019}}, it is also the second largest free-trade zone in mainland China in terms of land area (behind {{ill|Hainan Free Trade Zone|lt=|zh|中国（海南）自由贸易试验区}}, which covers the whole [[Hainan]] province<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node70393/node70403/node83902/node83904/userobject1ai121430.html |publisher = Office of Shanghai Chronicles |script-title = zh:中国最大自贸区 奏响奋进序曲 |date = 8 December 2018 |access-date = 20 October 2019 |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305192548/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node70393/node70403/node83902/node83904/userobject1ai121430.html |archive-date = 5 March 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref>) by covering an area of {{convert|240.22|km2|abbr=on}} and integrating four existing bonded zones—Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Logistics Park, Yangshan Free Trade Port Area, and Pudong Airport Comprehensive Free Trade Zone.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-24322313|title=Shanghai free-trade zone launched|date=29 September 2013|work=BBC News|access-date=30 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929235642/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-24322313|archive-date=29 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=State Council |script-title=zh:国务院关于同意设立中国（上海）自由贸易试验区临港新片区的批复（国函〔2019〕68号） |url=http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2019-08/06/content_5419153.htm |website=gov.cn |access-date=6 August 2019 |date=27 July 2019 |language=zh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806104150/http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2019-08/06/content_5419153.htm |archive-date=6 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The industrial chain of port logistics has shaped the future development direction of the free-trade zone in Shanghai. Currently, two port chain centers have been approved for construction in Waigaoqiao and Yangshan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yu |first1=Wence |last2=Chen |first2=Hao |last3=Yang |first3=Liqiang |date=2019-01-01 |title=Planning and Layout of Shanghai Yangshan Bonded Port Area Based on the Perspective of a Free Trade Zone |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-03-2019-B0002 |journal=Open House International |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=5–8 |doi=10.1108/OHI-03-2019-B0002 |bibcode=2019OHIng..44....5Y |s2cid=240723511 |issn=0168-2601 |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907214643/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/OHI-03-2019-B0002/full/html |url-status=live}}</ref> Several preferential policies have been implemented to attract foreign investment in various industries to the zone. Because the zone is not technically considered Chinese territory for tax purposes, commodities entering the zone are exempt from duty and customs clearance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-the-shanghai-free-trade-zone-2013-9?r=US&IR=T|title=China Is About To Open A New 'Free Trade Zone' And People Are Excited That It Could Lift The Economy|date=14 September 2013|work=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=20 October 2019|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328033143/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/what-is-the-shanghai-free-trade-zone-2013-9?r=US&IR=T|url-status=live|author-first1=Mamta|author-last1=Badkar}}</ref>