Editing Scientific misconduct (section)

== Some notable cases ==
{{Main|List of scientific misconduct incidents}}
In 1998 [[Andrew Wakefield]] published [[Lancet MMR autism fraud|a fraudulent research paper in ''The Lancet'']] claiming links between the [[MMR vaccine]], [[Autism spectrum disorder|autism]], and [[inflammatory bowel disease]]. In 2010, he was found guilty of dishonesty in his research and banned from medicine by the UK [[General Medical Council]] following an investigation by [[Brian Deer]] of the London ''[[Sunday Times]]''.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=General Medical Council |date=24 May 2010 |title=Dr. Andrew Jeremy Wakefield: Determination on Serious Professional Misconduct (SPM) and Sanction |access-date=10 August 2011 |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 }}</ref> 

The claims in Wakefield's paper were widely reported,<ref>{{cite news |title=The MMR hoax |last=Goldacre |first=B. |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=30 August 2008 |access-date=30 August 2008 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2008/aug/30/mmr.health.media}}</ref> leading to a sharp drop in vaccination rates in the UK and Ireland and [[MMR vaccine and autism#Disease outbreaks|outbreaks of mumps and measles]]. Promotion of the claimed link continues to fuel the [[anti-vaccination movement]].

In 2011 [[Diederik Stapel]], a highly regarded Dutch [[social psychologist]] was discovered to have fabricated data in dozens of studies on human behaviour.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gretchen Vogel |title=Report: Dutch 'Lord of the Data' Forged Dozens of Studies (UPDATE) |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/report-dutch-lord-data-forged-dozens-studies-update |journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]] |date=October 31, 2011}}</ref> He has been called "the biggest con man in academic science".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Mind of a Con Man |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/28/magazine/diederik-stapels-audacious-academic-fraud.html |date=2013-04-26|last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=Yudhijit }}</ref>

In 2020, [[Sapan Desai]] and his coauthors published two papers in the prestigious medical journals ''[[The Lancet]]'' and ''[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]'', early in the [[COVID-19]] pandemic. The papers were based on a very large dataset published by [[Surgisphere]], a company owned by Desai. The dataset was exposed as a fabrication, and the papers were soon retracted.<ref name="retractNEJM">{{cite journal |last1=Mehra |first1=Mandeep R. |last2=Desai |first2=Sapan S. |last3=Kuy |first3=SreyRam |last4=Henry |first4=Timothy D. |last5=Patel |first5=Amit N. |title=Retraction: Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621. |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |date=4 June 2020 |volume=382 |issue=26 |page=2582 |doi=10.1056/NEJMc2021225 |pmid=32501665 |pmc=7274164 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Retract Lancet">{{cite journal |last1=Mehra |first1=Mandeep R |last2=Ruschitzka |first2=Frank |last3=Patel |first3=Amit N |title=Retraction—Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis |journal=The Lancet |date=5 June 2020 |volume=395 |issue=10240 |page=1820 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31324-6 |pmid=32511943 |pmc=7274621 }}</ref>

In 2024, [[Eliezer Masliah]], head of the Division of Neuroscience at the [[National Institute on Aging]], was suspected of having manipulated and inappropriately reused images in over 100 scientific papers spanning several decades, including those that were used by the FDA to greenlight testing for the experimental drug [[prasinezumab]] as a treatment for Parkinson's.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/research-misconduct-finding-neuroscientist-eliezer-masliah-papers-under-suspicion |title=Did a top NIH official manipulate Alzheimer's and Parkinson's studies for decades? |last=Piller |first=Charles |date=2024-09-26 |publisher=Science |doi=10.1126/science.z2o7c3k |language=en}}</ref>