Editing Rwanda (section)

== Culture ==
{{main|Culture of Rwanda}}
[[File:Rwanda IntoreDancers.jpg|thumb|left|Traditional Rwandan ''[[intore]]'' dancers|alt=Photograph depicting two male dancers with straw wigs, neck garments, spears and sticks]]
[[Music of Rwanda|Music]] and dance are an integral part of Rwandan ceremonies, festivals, social gatherings and storytelling. The most famous traditional dance is a highly choreographed routine consisting of three components: the ''[[umushagiriro]]'', or cow dance, performed by women;{{sfn|Rwanda Development Gateway}} the ''[[intore]]'', or dance of heroes, performed by men;{{sfn|Rwanda Development Gateway}} and the drumming, also traditionally performed by men, on drums known as ''ingoma''.{{sfn|RMCA}} The best-known dance group is the [[National Ballet of Rwanda|National Ballet]]. It was established by President Habyarimana in 1974, and performs nationally and internationally.{{sfn|Briggs|2004}} Traditionally, music is transmitted orally, with styles varying between the social groups. Drums are of great importance; the royal drummers enjoyed high status within the court of the King (''Mwami'').{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|pp=135–136}} Drummers play together in groups of varying sizes, usually between seven and nine in number.{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|p=139}} The country has a growing popular music industry, influenced by African Great Lakes, Congolese, and American music. The most popular genre is [[hip hop]], with a blend of [[dancehall]], [[rap]], [[ragga]], [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] and [[dance-pop]].{{sfn|Mbabazi|2008}}

[[File:Igiseke.jpg|thumb|upright|Rwandan woven [[agaseke]] basket|alt=Photograph depicting a bowl shaped off-white woven basket with tall conical lid and black zigzag pattern]]
Traditional arts and crafts are produced throughout the country, although most originated as functional items rather than purely for decoration. Woven baskets and bowls are especially common, notably the basket style of the [[agaseke]].{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|pp=68–70}} ''[[Imigongo]]'', a unique cow dung art, is produced in the southeast of Rwanda, with a history dating back to when the region was part of the independent [[Gisaka]] kingdom. The dung is mixed with natural soils of various colours and painted into patterned ridges to form geometric shapes.{{sfn|Briggs|Booth|2006|p=243–244}} Other crafts include pottery and wood carving.{{sfn|Briggs|Booth|2006|p=31}} Traditional housing styles make use of locally available materials; circular or rectangular mud homes with grass-thatched roofs (known as ''nyakatsi'') are the most common. The government has initiated a programme to replace these with more modern materials such as corrugated iron.{{sfn|Ntambara|2009}}{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|p=75}}

Rwanda does not have a long history of written literature, but there is a strong oral tradition ranging from poetry to [[folk stories]]. Many of the country's moral values and details of history have been passed down through the generations.{{sfn|King|2007|p=105}} The most famous Rwandan literary figure was [[Alexis Kagame]] (1912–1981), who carried out and published research into oral traditions as well as writing his own poetry.{{sfn|Briggs|Booth|2006|p=29}} The Rwandan Genocide resulted in the emergence of a literature of witness accounts, essays and fiction by a new generation of writers such as [[Benjamin Sehene]] and [[Fred Mfuranzima|Mfuranzima Fred]]. A number of films have been produced about the Rwandan Genocide, including the [[Golden Globe]]-nominated ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'', ''[[100 Days (2001 film)|100 Days]]'', ''[[Shake Hands with the Devil (2007 film)|Shake Hands with the Devil]]'', ''[[Sometimes in April]]'', and ''[[Shooting Dogs]]'', the last four having been filmed in Rwanda and having featured survivors as cast members.{{sfn|Milmo|2006}}{{sfn|Fegley|2016|pp=55–56}}

Fourteen regular [[public holidays in Rwanda|national holidays]] are observed throughout the year,{{sfn|Government of Rwanda (I)}} with others occasionally inserted by the government. The week following Genocide Memorial Day on 7 April is designated an official week of mourning.{{sfn|Watson|Renzi|Viggiani|2010|p=25}} The victory for the RPF over the Hutu extremists is celebrated as [[Liberation Day]] on 4 July. The last Saturday of each month is ''[[umuganda]]'', a national morning of mandatory [[community service]] lasting from 8{{nbsp}}am to 11{{nbsp}}am, during which all able bodied people between 18 and 65 are expected to carry out community tasks such as cleaning streets or building homes for vulnerable people.{{sfn|Rwanda Governance Board}} Most normal services close down during ''umuganda'', and public transportation is limited.{{sfn|Rwanda Governance Board}}

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Cuisine of Rwanda}}
[[File:Ugali and cabbage.jpg|right|thumb|A plate of ''[[ugali]]'' and [[cabbage]]]]
The cuisine of Rwanda is based on local [[staple food]]s produced by subsistence agriculture such as bananas, plantains (known as ''[[ibitoke]]''), [[pulse (legume)|pulse]]s, [[sweet potato]]es, beans, and [[cassava]] (manioc).{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|p=81}} Many Rwandans do not eat meat more than a few times a month.{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|p=81}} For those who live near lakes and have access to fish, [[tilapia]] is popular.{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|p=81}} The potato, thought to have been introduced to Rwanda by German and Belgian [[Second European colonization wave (19th century–20th century)|colonialists]], is very popular.{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|p=13}} [[Ugali]], locally known as ''[[Ubugari]]'' (or ''umutsima'') is common, a paste made from cassava or maize and water to form a [[porridge]]-like consistency that is eaten throughout the African Great Lakes.{{sfn|Auzias|2007|p=74}} ''[[Isombe]]'' is made from mashed cassava leaves and can be served with dried fish, rice, ugali, potatoes etc.{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|p=13}} Lunch is usually a buffet known as ''mélange'', consisting of the above staples and sometimes meat.{{sfn|Briggs|Booth|2006|pp=54–55}} [[Brochette]]s are the most popular food when eating out in the evening, usually made from goat but sometimes [[tripe]], beef, or fish.{{sfn|Briggs|Booth|2006|pp=54–55}}

In rural areas, many bars have a brochette seller responsible for tending and slaughtering the goats, skewering and [[barbecue|barbecuing]] the meat, and serving it with grilled bananas.{{sfn|Anyango|2010}} Milk, particularly in a fermented yoghurt form called ''[[ikivuguto]]'', is a common drink throughout the country.{{sfn|Nzabuheraheza|2005}} Other drinks include a traditional beer called Ikigage made from sorghum and ''[[urwagwa]]'', made from bananas, and a soft drink called Umutobe which is banana juice; these popular drinks feature in traditional rituals and ceremonies.{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|p=13}} The major drinks manufacturer in Rwanda is [[Bralirwa]], which was established in the 1950s, a Heineken partner, and is now listed on the [[Rwandan Stock Exchange]].{{sfn|Bralirwa (I)}} Bralirwa manufactures [[soft drink]] products from [[The Coca-Cola Company]], under licence, including [[Coca-Cola]], [[Fanta]], and [[Sprite (soft drink)|Sprite]],{{sfn|Bralirwa (II)}} and a range of beers including [[Primus beer|Primus]], [[Mützig beer|Mützig]], [[Amstel Brewery|Amstel]], and [[Turbo King]].{{sfn|Bralirwa (III)}} In 2009 a new brewery, [[Brasseries des Mille Collines]] (BMC) opened, manufacturing [[Skol]] beer and a local version known as [[Skol Gatanu]];{{sfn|Ngarambe|2012}} BMC is now owned by Belgian company [[Unibra]].{{sfn|Craig|2012}} [[East African Breweries]] also operate in the country, importing [[Guinness]], [[Tusker (beer)|Tusker]], and [[Bell (beer)|Bell]], as well as [[whisky]] and [[Distilled beverage|spirit]]s.{{sfn|Kezio-Musoke|2014}}

=== Sport ===
{{main|Sport in Rwanda}}
[[File:MTB cycling 2012 Olympics M cross-country RWA Adrien Niyonshuti.jpg|thumb|left|[[Adrien Niyonshuti]], "one of the most famous people in Rwanda",{{sfn|CyclingNews.com|2012}} competing in the [[cross-country mountain biking]] event at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]
The Rwandan government, through its Sports Development Policy, promotes sport as a strong avenue for "development and peace building",{{sfn|MINISPOC|2012|p=18}} and the government has made commitments to advancing the use of sport for a variety of development objectives, including education.{{sfn|McCracken|Colucci|2014|pp=86–90}} The most popular sports in Rwanda are [[association football]], [[volleyball]], [[basketball]], [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]] and [[Paralympic sports]].{{sfn|Ndengeye|2014|pp=125–128}} [[Cricket]] has been growing in popularity,{{sfn|Aglietti|2014}} as a result of refugees returned from Kenya, where they had learned to play the game.{{sfn|BBC News (XI)|2014}} [[Cycling]], traditionally seen largely as a mode of transport in Rwanda, is also growing in popularity [[cycle sport|as a sport]];{{sfn|Hoye|Smith|Nicholson|Stewart|2015|p=206}} and Team Rwanda have been the subject of a book, ''Land of Second Chances: The Impossible Rise of Rwanda's Cycling Team'' and a film, ''[[Rising from Ashes (film)|Rising from Ashes]]''.{{sfn|Robbins|2013}}{{sfn|Willgoss|2014}}
[[File:GCS Drone Shot-YT.jpg|thumb|The Gahanga Cricket Stadium]]
Rwandans have been competing at the [[Olympic Games]] since 1984,{{sfn|BBC Sport (I)|2012}} and the [[Paralympic Games]] since 2004.{{sfn|International Paralympic Committee|2015}} The country sent seven competitors to the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] in London, representing it in athletics, [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], [[mountain biking]] and [[judo]],{{sfn|BBC Sport (I)|2012}} and 15 competitors to the [[2012 Summer Paralympics|London Summer Paralympics]] to compete in athletics, [[Paralympic powerlifting|powerlifting]] and [[sitting volleyball]].{{sfn|International Paralympic Committee|2015}} The country has also participated in the [[Commonwealth Games]] since joining the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] in 2009.{{sfn|BBC Sport (II)|2010}}{{sfn|Office of the Prime Minister|2014}} The country's [[Rwanda national basketball team|national basketball team]] has been growing in prominence since the mid-2000s, with the men's team qualifying for the final stages of the [[African Basketball Championship]] four times in a row since 2007.{{sfn|Bishumba|2015}} The country bid unsuccessfully to host the [[2013 African Basketball Championship|2013 tournament]].{{sfn|Mackay|2009}}{{sfn|International Basketball Federation|2011}} Rwanda's [[Rwanda national football team|national football team]] has appeared in the [[African Cup of Nations]] once, in the [[2004 African Cup of Nations|2004 edition]] of the tournament,{{sfn|Carlin|2003}} but narrowly failed to advance beyond the group stages.{{sfn|Copnall|2004}} The team have failed to qualify for the competition since, and have never qualified for the [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]].{{sfn|Montague|2014|p=67}} Rwanda's highest domestic football competition is the [[Rwanda National Football League]];{{sfn|Mugabe|Kamasa|2014}} {{As of|2015|lc=y}}, the dominant team is [[APR FC]] of Kigali, having won 13 of the last 17 championships.{{sfn|Schöggl|2015}} Rwandan clubs participate in the [[Kagame Interclub Cup]] for Central and East African teams, sponsored since 2002 by President Kagame.{{sfn|CECAFA}}