Editing Rules of chess (section)

=== Timing ===
[[File:Digitalna sahovska ura2.jpg|right|thumb|250px|alt=Photo shows a digital chess clock. There are two clocks, one on each side and a button on top of each stops that clock and starts the other|Digital chess clock]]
Tournament games are played under time constraints, called [[time control]]s, using a [[chess clock]]. Each player is timed separately and must make moves within the time control or forfeit the game.{{sfn|FIDE|2023|loc=article 6}} There are different types of time controls applied. For standard chess, different periods can be defined with different fixed times (e.g. first 40 moves in 100 minutes, next 20 moves in 50 minutes, remaining moves in 15 minutes). For rapid and blitz chess, only one period can be defined where all moves must be performed. Additionally, an [[Time control#Increment and delay methods|increment or delay]] per move may be defined.{{sfn|FIDE Arbiters' Commission|2022|loc=page 22 (article 6.3.2)}}
* When a player runs out of time, this event is called {{chessgloss|flag-fall}}. A flag-fall has no consequences unless stated as observed by the arbiter, in which case the arbiter must intervene,{{sfn|FIDE|2023|loc=articles 6.8 and A.5.5}} or claimed by a player.{{sfn|FIDE|2023|loc=article 6.8}}
* When no flag-fall is stated, and one of the following events occur, the result of the game still holds. It is of no relevance if the player runs out of time afterwards, or has already run out of time, but this was not stated: 
** If a player delivers a checkmate, the game is over and that player wins.{{sfn|FIDE|2023|loc=article 6.2.1.1}}
** If a move results in a [[stalemate]], [[#Dead position|dead position]], [[Threefold repetition#Fivefold repetition rule|fivefold repetition]] or the [[Fifty-move rule#Seventy-five-move rule|seventy-five-move]] rule applies, the game is over and the game is drawn.{{sfn|FIDE|2023|loc=article 6.2.1.1}}
* If a player correctly claims flag-fall, that player wins.  But if the claiming player is out of time, or could not still theoretically checkmate the opponent, the game is a draw.{{sfn|FIDE|2023|loc=article 6.9}}

The [[United States Chess Federation]] (USCF) rule is different. USCF Rule 14E defines "insufficient material to win on time", that is lone king, king plus knight, king plus bishop, and king plus two knights opposed by no pawns, and there is no forced win in the final position. Hence to win on time with this material, the USCF rule requires that a win can be forced from that position, while the FIDE rule merely requires a win to be possible.{{sfn|Just|2019|loc=chapter 1, section 14E}} (See [[Monika Soćko#Rules appeal in 2008|Monika Soćko rules appeal in 2008]] and [[Women's World Chess Championship 2008]] for a famous instance of this rule.)

With mechanical clocks only, flag-fall for both players can occur. With digital clocks, the clock indicates which flag fell first, and this information is valid.{{sfn|FIDE Arbiters' Commission|2022|loc=page 22 (section 6.4) |ps=" Where electronic clocks are used and both clocks show 0.00, the Arbiter can usually establish which flag fell first, with the help of the '-' or any other flag indication."}}

In the last period of a standard chess game or rapid games, if played without increment, a special set of rules applies regarding the clock, referenced as "Quickplay Finishes".{{sfn|FIDE|2023|loc=guideline III}} These rules allow a player with under two minutes time to request an increment introduced, or request a draw based on claiming no progress or no effort, to be ruled by the arbiter. These rules have been relevant when playing with mechanical clocks, which do not allow setting an increment and are today with digital clocks of second importance only, as playing with increment is recommended.{{sfn|FIDE Arbiters' Commission|2022|loc=page 54 (Guideline III.5.2) |ps= "A time control with an increment is a much better way of concluding a game."}}