Editing Ricin (section)

==Developments==
A biopharmaceutical company called Soligenix, Inc. licensed an anti-ricin vaccine called RiVax<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Legler PM, Brey RN, Smallshaw JE, Vitetta ES, Millard CB | title = Structure of RiVax: a recombinant ricin vaccine | journal = Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Biological Crystallography | volume = 67 | issue = Pt 9 | pages = 826–830 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21904036 | pmc = 3169317 | doi = 10.1107/S0907444911026771 | bibcode = 2011AcCrD..67..826L }}</ref> from Vitetta et al. at [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center|UT Southwestern]]. The vaccine was found safe and immunogenic in mice, rabbits, and humans. Two successful clinical trials were completed.<ref>{{cite web|title=RiVax™ Ricin Toxin Vaccine |url=http://www.soligenix.com/pipeline/vaccinesbiodefense/rivax-ricin-toxin-vaccine/|publisher=Soligenix, Inc|access-date=28 June 2017 }}</ref> Soligenix was issued a US patent for Rivax. The ricin vaccine candidate was granted orphan drug status in the US and the EEC and, as of 2019, was in clinical trials in the US. Grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the US Food and Drug Administration supported development of the vaccine candidate.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Hackett DW |title=Ricin Vaccine Candidate Rivax Awarded Patent Protection |url=https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/soligenix-rivax-ricin-vaccine-candidate-receives-patent-expanding-protection |website=Precision Vaccinations |publisher=Precision Vax Llc |access-date=27 February 2019 |location=Houston TX |date=11 February 2019}}</ref>