Editing Richard III of England (section)

===Reburial and tomb===
[[File:Picture of Richard III's new tomb (cropped).jpg|thumb|Tomb of Richard III in [[Leicester Cathedral]], with his motto ''Loyaulte me lie'' (loyalty binds me) at right]]
[[File:Memorial stone dedicated to Richard III.jpg|thumb|The ledger stone memorial from Leicester Cathedral now resides in the [[King Richard III Visitor Centre]].]]
After his death in battle in 1485, Richard III's body was buried in Greyfriars Church in Leicester.{{sfnp|Horrox|2013}} Following the discoveries of Richard's remains in 2012, it was decided that they should be reburied at Leicester Cathedral,<ref name="bbcnews-20180322">{{cite news |author=<!--no credited author--> |title=Richard III: Leicester welcomes king's remains |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-31990721 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811163142/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-31990721 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |url-status=live |date=22 March 2015 |access-date=5 December 2018}}</ref> despite feelings in some quarters that he should have been reburied in York Minster.<ref name="bbcnews-20130207">{{cite news |author=<!--no credited author--> |title=York Minster says Richard III should be buried in Leicester |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-21373538 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |location=London |date=7 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110142632/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-21373538 |archive-date=10 November 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=5 December 2018}}</ref> Those who challenged the decision included fifteen "collateral [non-direct] descendants of Richard III",<ref name="bbcnews-plantagenetalliance">{{cite news |last=Watson |first=Greig |date=13 September 2013 |title=The Plantagenet Alliance: Who do they think they are? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-23929989 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |location=London |access-date=11 December 2018}}</ref> represented by the [[Plantagenet Alliance]], who believed that the body should be reburied in York, as they claim the king wished.<ref name="bbcnews-reburialrow">{{cite news |author=<!--no credited author--> |title=Richard III: King's reburial row goes to judicial review |date=16 August 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-23726011 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |location=London |access-date=19 September 2013}}</ref> In August 2013, they filed a court case in order to contest Leicester's claim to re-inter the body within its cathedral, and propose the body be buried in York instead. However, Michael Ibsen, who gave the DNA sample that identified the king, gave his support to Leicester's claim to re-inter the body in their cathedral.<ref name="bbcnews-reburialrow" /> On 20 August, a judge ruled that the opponents had the legal standing to contest his burial in Leicester Cathedral, despite a clause in the contract which had authorized the excavations requiring his burial there. He urged the parties, though, to settle out of court in order to "avoid embarking on the Wars of the Roses, Part Two".<ref name="[2013]EWHCB13(Admin)"/><ref>{{cite episode |last1=Greene |first1=David |author1-link=David Greene (journalist) |last2=Montagne | first2=Renée |author2-link=Renée Montagne |title=English Debate What To Do With Richard III's Remains |url=https://www.npr.org/2013/08/20/213728243/english-debate-what-to-do-with-richard-iiis-remains |medium=Radio programme, with transcript |series=[[Morning Edition]] |network=[[National Public Radio]] |location=Washington, DC |date=20 August 2013 |access-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> The Plantagenet Alliance, and the supporting fifteen collateral descendants, also faced the challenge that "Basic maths shows Richard, who had no surviving children but five siblings, could have millions of 'collateral' descendants"<ref name="bbcnews-plantagenetalliance"/> undermining the group's claim to represent "the only people who can speak on behalf of him".<ref name="bbcnews-plantagenetalliance"/> A ruling in May 2014 decreed that there are "no public law grounds for the Court interfering with the decisions in question".<ref name="[2014]EWHC1662(QB)"/> The remains were taken to Leicester Cathedral on 22 March 2015 and reinterred on 26 March.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--no credited author--> |title=Richard III reburial court bid fails |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-27537836 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |location=London |date=23 May 2014 |access-date=23 May 2014}}</ref>

His remains were carried in procession to the cathedral on 22 March 2015, and reburied on 26 March 2015<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Richard III: Leicester Cathedral reburial service for king |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-32052800 |work= [[BBC News Online]]|date= 26 March 2015 |access-date= 12 April 2019}}</ref> at a religious re-burial service at which both [[Tim Stevens]], the [[Bishop of Leicester]], and [[Justin Welby]], the Archbishop of Canterbury, officiated. Also present at the ceremony was [[Archbishop of Westminster]] and Roman Catholic Primate of England, Cardinal [[Vincent Nichols]], as Richard III professed Catholicism.<ref>[https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/when-was-a-catholic-monarch-last-buried-in-england "When Was a Catholic Monarch Last Buried in England?"] (13 September 2022). ''[[The Pillar]]''. Retrieved 10 July 2023.</ref> The [[British royal family]] was represented by the [[Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester|Duke]] and [[Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester|Duchess of Gloucester]] and the [[Sophie, Countess of Wessex|Countess of Wessex]]. The actor [[Benedict Cumberbatch]], who later portrayed him in ''[[The Hollow Crown (TV series)|The Hollow Crown]]'' television series, read a poem by [[Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom|poet laureate]] [[Carol Ann Duffy]].<ref name="guardian-cumberbatchproves"/><ref name="guardian-20150326">{{cite news |last=Duffy |first=Carol Ann |author-link1=Carol Ann Duffy |date=26 March 2015 |title=Richard by Carol Ann Duffy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/mar/26/richard-iii-by-carol-ann-duffy |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=<!--Guardian Media Group (omitted as substantially similar to newspaper name)--> |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116111612/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/mar/26/richard-iii-by-carol-ann-duffy |archive-date=16 November 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref>

Richard's cathedral tomb was designed by the architects [[van Heyningen and Haward]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Withstandley |first=Kate |date=27 March 2015 |title=Our Tomb for Richard III is Revealed |url=http://www.vhh.co.uk/news-press/richard-iii-tomb-revealed |publisher=[[van Heyningen and Haward Architects]] |access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> The tombstone is deeply incised with a cross, and consists of a rectangular block of white [[Swaledale]] fossil stone, quarried in [[North Yorkshire]]. It sits on a low plinth made of dark [[Kilkenny marble]], incised with Richard's name, dates and motto (''Loyaulte me lie'' – loyalty binds me). The plinth also carries his coat of arms in [[pietra dura]].<ref name=tomb>{{cite web |title=Richard III Tomb and Burial |url=http://leicestercathedral.org/learn/richard-iii/richard-iii-tomb-and-burial/ |publisher=[[Leicester Cathedral]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206203705/http://leicestercathedral.org/learn/richard-iii/richard-iii-tomb-and-burial/ |archive-date=6 December 2018 |access-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> On top is a funeral crown commissioned specifically for the reinterment, and made by George Easton.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film and Heritage |url=https://www.danegeld.co.uk/film-and-heritage.html |access-date=7 October 2022 |website=Viking, Saxon and Medieval jewellery reproductions from Danegeld |language=en}}</ref> The remains of Richard III are in a lead-lined inner casket,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-31911490|title=Richard III's remains sealed inside coffin at Leicester University|date=16 March 2015|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> inside an outer [[English oak]] coffin crafted by Michael Ibsen, a direct descendant of Richard's sister Anne, and laid in a brick-lined vault below the floor, and below the plinth and tombstone.<ref name=tomb/> The original 2010 raised tomb design had been proposed by Langley's "Looking For Richard Project" and fully funded by members of the Richard III Society. The proposal was publicly launched by the Society on 13 February 2013 but rejected by Leicester Cathedral in favour of a memorial slab.<ref name="bbcnews-20130213">{{cite news |last=Hubball |first=Louise |date=13 February 2013 |title=A tomb fit for a king has been designed for Richard III |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21447210 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023234117/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-21447210/a-tomb-fit-for-a-king-has-been-designed-for-richard-iii |archive-date=23 October 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=24 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20130313">{{cite news |last=Britten |first=Nick |date=13 March 2013 |title=Cathedral criticised for being 'out of touch' over King Richard III's resting place |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/9927564/Cathedral-criticised-for-being-out-of-touch-over-King-Richard-IIIs-resting-place.html |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |publisher=<!--Telegraph Media Group (omitted as substantially similar to newspaper name)--> |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206200956/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/9927564/Cathedral-criticised-for-being-out-of-touch-over-King-Richard-IIIs-resting-place.html |archive-date=6 December 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=6 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="leicestermercury-20130314-slab">{{cite news |last=Warzynski |first=Peter A. |date=14 March 2013 |title=Richard III: Stone slab to mark final resting place of king, says Leicester Cathedral |url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Richard-III-Stone-slab-mark-final-resting-place/story-18402860-detail/story.html |newspaper=[[Leicester Mercury]] |publisher=Local World |location=<!--Leicester, England (omitted as given by newspaper name)--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328221916/http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Richard-III-Stone-slab-mark-final-resting-place/story-18402860-detail/story.html |archive-date=28 March 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=24 April 2016}}</ref> However, following a public outcry, the Cathedral changed its position and on 18 July 2013 announced its agreement to give King Richard III a raised tomb monument.<ref name="leicestermercury-20130314-poll">{{cite news |author=<!--no credited author--> |title=Richard III: Give king tomb, not slab, says online poll |url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Richard-III-king-tomb-slab-says-online-poll/story-18422157-detail/story.html |newspaper=[[Leicester Mercury]] |publisher=Local World |location=<!--Leicester, England (omitted as given by newspaper name)--> |date=14 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329090420/http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Richard-III-king-tomb-slab-says-online-poll/story-18422157-detail/story.html |archive-date=29 March 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=29 May 2016 }}</ref><ref name="leicestermercury-20130718">{{cite news |last=Warzynski |first=Peter A. |date=18 July 2013 |title=Richard III will be buried in a raised tomb not slab, says Leicester Cathedral |url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Richard-III-buried-tomb-says-Leicester-Cathedral/story-19536774-detail/story.html |newspaper=[[Leicester Mercury]] |publisher=Local World |location=<!--Leicester, England (omitted as given by newspaper name)--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721071924/http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Richard-III-buried-tomb-says-Leicester-Cathedral/story-19536774-detail/story.html |archive-date=21 July 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref>