Editing Rail transport in India (section)

== Higher-speed rail ==
{{main|High speed rail in India}}
[[File:Ghaziabad WAP 5.jpg|thumb|A [[Indian locomotive class WAP-5|WAP-5]] [[electric locomotive]] reached a speed of {{cvt|184|kph|abbr=on}} and is the fastest operational locomotive]]

=== Rolling stock ===
In 1980, the [[Indian locomotive class WAP-1|WAP-1]] electric locomotives reached a speed of {{cvt|130|kph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://secr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1596785062728-Locomotive_comp.pdf|title=WAP-1 locomotive|publisher=[[Government of India]]|date=9 October 1989|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> [[Indian locomotive class WAP-5|WAP-5]] class locomotives, initially imported from [[Adtranz|ABB]] in 1995 and later manufactured at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works in India, reached {{cvt|184|kph|abbr=on}} in trials. The locomotive later set an Indian speed record by hauling a train between Delhi and Agra at a speed of {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on}} in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=200 km in 90 mins: Delhi-Agra high speed train sets new speed record|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-03/news/51057656_1_speed-record-fastest-train-passenger-train|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707064334/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-03/news/51057656_1_speed-record-fastest-train-passenger-train|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2014|access-date=10 July 2014|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=3 July 2014}}</ref> In 2018, a modified WAP-5A locomotive reached speeds of {{cvt|200|kph|mph|0|abbr=on}} in trials.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/make-in-india-speed-boost-for-indian-railways-gets-first-200-kmph-capable-aerodynamic-electric-locomotive/1374602/|title= 'Make in India' speed boost for Indian Railways! Gets first 200 kmph capable aerodynamic electric locomotive|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=Financial Express|date=6 November 2018}}</ref> In 2018, Integral Coach Factory in Chennai, rolled out a [[Higher-speed rail|semi-high-speed]] [[Electric Multiple Unit|EMU]] [[Vande Bharat (trainset)|train-set]], capable of reaching {{cvt|180|kph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="VB"/><ref name="VB1"/> These trains have eight or sixteen coaches with driver cabins on both ends, which eliminates the time needed for turnaround at the terminal station with faster acceleration and deceleration, enabling the train to travel at a top speed for longer distance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/budget/railway-budget-2018-indian-railways-new-trains-train-18-train-20-features-semi-high-speed/1026896/|title=Ahead of Railway Budget 2018, Modi's Make in India gets boost with plans for 'world-class' Indian Railways trains|date=23 January 2018|newspaper=Financial Express|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2-new-world-class-trains-to-cut-travel-time-by-20/articleshow/62611180.cms|title=Train 18: 2 new 'world class' trains to cut travel time by 20%|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 January 2018|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> For high-speed rail, the Indian railways will construct bullet train assembly facilities on a [[Public–private partnerships in India|public-private participation]] (PPP) model with Japanese companies setting up manufacturing facilities in India to build the parts for bullet train sets.<ref name="HT MB">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/make-in-india-railways-to-pitch-for-building-bullet-train-coaches/story-cUnqHEk3sy0h2l7xgLXfsN.html|title=Make in India: Railways to pitch for building bullet train coaches locally|work=Hindustan Times|date=4 October 2018}}</ref>

=== Network and infrastructure ===
[[File:Map_of_India_high-speed_rail_corridors_according_to_National_Rail_Plan.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|Proposed high speed rail network]]
In 2009, Indian Railways envisioned a plan to increase the speed of passenger trains to {{cvt|160-200|kph|abbr=on}} on dedicated conventional tracks and improve the existing conventional lines on {{Track gauge|1676mm|lk=on}} Broad gauge to handle speeds of up to {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="HSRC">{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=100308|title=Railway Minister Launches High Speed Rail Corporation of India Limited (HSRC)|date=29 October 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref> On 25 July 2013, Government of India established the [[National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited|High Speed Rail Corporation]] under [[Rail Vikas Nigam Limited|Rail Vikas Nigam]] (RVNL) for the implementation of high-speed rail corridor projects.<ref name="HSRC"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-01-27/news/36564456_1_high-speed-rail-high-speed-trains-first-bullet-train|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801140940/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-01-27/news/36564456_1_high-speed-rail-high-speed-trains-first-bullet-train|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 August 2013|title=Indian Railways finally moving on its dream project – high-speed trains|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=27 January 2013|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> In 2014, the Diamond Quadrilateral high-speed rail network project was launched by Government of India and is envisioned to connect the four major metro cities of India namely: Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/focus-on-diamond-quadrilateral/article6105076.ece|title=Focus on diamond quadrilateral|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 June 2014|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Address by The President of India to the Joint sitting of Parliament 2014|url=http://www.pmindia.gov.in/President_Address.pdf|access-date=9 June 2014|publisher=[[Government of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225448/http://www.pmindia.gov.in/President_Address.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref> {{As of| 2023}}, India does not have any operational high-speed tracks with the {{cvt|174|km|abbr=on}} segment of track in the [[Tughlakabad railway station|Tughlakabad]]{{ndash}} Agra Cantonment section supporting semi-high speeds of up to {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="SH">{{cite news|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/vande-bharat-express-trains-running-at-average-speed-of-83-kmph-against-permissible-limit-of-130-kmph-reveals-rti-reply-filed-in-mp|title=Vande Bharat Express trains running at average speed of 83&nbsp;kph against permissible limit of 130&nbsp;kph, reveals RTI reply filed in MP|work=Free Press Journal|date=17 April 2023|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> By 2026, Ministry of Railways envisaged to have top speeds of {{cvt|300–350|kph|abbr=on}} with trains running on elevated corridors to isolate high-speed train tracks to prevent trespassing.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 September 2020|title=Wow! Indian Railways eyes 7 more bullet train corridors; all will be open to PPP investments|work=The Financial Express|url= https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/wow-indian-railways-eyes-7-more-bullet-train-corridors-all-will-be-open-to-ppp-investments/2086517/|access-date=21 September 2020}}</ref> Multiple feasibility studies have been done and probable routes have been identified.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalturk.com/en/india-japan-sign-mou-for-feasibility-study-of-high-speed-railway-system-in-india-43654/|title=India, Japan sign MoU for feasibility study of high speed railway system in India|date=9 October 2013|access-date=1 December 2023|work=Nationalturk}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-ahmedabad-bullet-train-chinese-team-visits-cst/|title=Mumbai-Ahmedabad bullet train? Chinese team visits CST|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|date=16 September 2014|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> In 2017, a {{cvt|508|km|abbr=on}} standard gauge line between Mumbai and Ahmedabad was approved for construction and is expected to be operational by 2028.<ref name="NHSRC">{{cite report|url=https://nhsrcl.in/sites/default/files/2021-12/Journey.pdf|title=Journey of High speed rail|publisher=[[National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="BT">{{cite news|date=13 September 2017|title=Japan Is Selling Bullet Trains to India|work=Bloomberg News|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-13/japan-s-bullet-train-gives-164-year-old-indian-railway-a-jolt|access-date=15 December 2017}}</ref> [[RapidX]] system operating on {{Track gauge|1435mm|lk=on}} [[Standard-gauge railway|Standard gauge]] tracks with [[Namo Bharat (trainset)|Namo Bharat]] train-sets capable of supporting speeds of up to {{cvt|180|kph|abbr=on}}, became operational with the partial opening of [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Meerut line]] in 2023.<ref name="RX">{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1969356|title=PM launches India's first Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|date=20 October 2023|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

=== Services ===
[[File:Thiruvananthapuram_Kasaragod_Vande_Bharat_Express_(via_Alappuzha)_-_1st_Rake.jpg|thumb|Introduced in 2019, [[Vande Bharat (trainset)|Vande Bharat train-set]] built by [[Integral Coach Factory|ICF]], is the fastest in operation]]
Rajdhani Express, introduced in 1969 with a maximum speed of {{cvt|120|kph|abbr=on}} was the fastest train service in the country in the 1970s.<ref name="Raj"/> [[Shatabdi Express]] introduced in 1988, were capable of running at a maximum speed of {{cvt|130|kph}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shatabdi-is-the-heart-of-indian-railways/articleshow/20505432.cms?from=mdr|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|title='Shatabdi is the heart of Indian railways'|access-date=1 December 2023|date=30 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/trains-faster-than-rajdhani-shatabdi-on-the-cards/next-gen-trains/slideshow/62615006.cms|title=Trains faster than Rajdhani, Shatabdi on the cards|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=23 January 2018|access-date=5 November 2022}}</ref> In April 2016, WAP-5 hauled [[Gatimaan Express]] became the fastest commercial train in India, with a maximum operational speed of {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhiagra-semihigh-speed-train-to-be-named-gatimaan-express/article6493500.ece|title=Train to be named Gatimaan Express|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> In 2019, the first [[Vande Bharat Express]] entered commercial service with a maximum operational speed of {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on}}. The actual operating speed was much lower due to track restrictions and congestion with top speeds restricted to {{cvt|130|kph|abbr=on}} for most trains.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=7 February 2019|title=Train 18: PM Modi to flag off Vande Bharat Express on February 15 from New Delhi|newspaper=Business Today|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/train-18-pm-modi-to-flag-off-vande-bharat-express-on-february-15-from-new-delhi/story/317978.html|access-date=15 February 2019}}</ref> In October 2023, [[Namo Bharat]], built for [[RapidX]] by Alstom was launched and is capable of reaching speeds of up to {{cvt|180|kph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 October 2023|title=PM Modi flags off 'RapidX', India's first regional rapid rail service; all you need to know|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/pm-modi-flags-off-namo-bharat-indias-first-regional-rapid-train-service-402728-2023-10-20|access-date=23 October 2023|work=Business Today}}</ref> In December 2023, two modified WAP-5 locomotives were used to haul the [[Amrit Bharat Express]] in a push-pull configuration, capable of reaching speeds of up to {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nigam|first=Saumya|date=27 December 2023|title=Amrit Bharat Express to launch with Push-Pull technology and other exciting features|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/explainers/amrit-bharat-express-to-launch-with-push-pull-technology-and-other-exciting-features-details-2023-12-27-909203|access-date=28 December 2023|work=India TV|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=30 October 2023|title=Vande Sadharan train: All you need to know; How it is different from Vande Bharat train?|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/in-focus/story/vande-sadharan-train-all-you-need-to-know-how-it-is-different-from-vande-bharat-train-403792-2023-10-30|access-date=30 December 2023|work=Business Today}}</ref>