Editing Radio-frequency identification (section)

===Passports===
{{See also|Biometric passport}}
The first RFID passports ("[[Biometric passport|E-passport]]") were issued by [[Malaysia]] in 1998. In addition to information also contained on the visual data page of the passport, Malaysian e-passports record the travel history (time, date, and place) of entry into and exit out of the country.{{Citation needed|reason=See talk page|date=July 2021}}

Other countries that insert RFID in passports include Norway (2005),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digi.no/php/art.php?id=275753|title=Datatilsynet misfornøyd med nye pass|publisher=Digi.no|access-date=2013-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405212252/http://www.digi.no/php/art.php?id=275753|archive-date=2008-04-05}}</ref> Japan (March 1, 2006), most [[European Union|EU]] countries (around 2006), Singapore (2006), Australia, Hong Kong, the United States (2007), the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland (2006), India (June 2008), Serbia (July 2008), Republic of Korea (August 2008), Taiwan (December 2008), Albania (January 2009), The Philippines (August 2009), Republic of Macedonia (2010), Argentina (2012), Canada (2013), Uruguay (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.minterior.gub.uy/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3227|title=Uruguay a la vanguardia con nuevo pasaporte electrónico|publisher=Ministerio del Interior|access-date=2021-02-23|archive-date=2021-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223164859/https://www.minterior.gub.uy/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3227|date=2015-10-15}}</ref> and Israel (2017).

Standards for RFID passports are determined by the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO), and are contained in ICAO Document 9303, Part 1, Volumes 1 and 2 (6th edition, 2006). ICAO refers to the [[ISO/IEC 14443]] RFID chips in e-passports as "contactless integrated circuits". ICAO standards provide for e-passports to be identifiable by a standard e-passport logo on the front cover.

Since 2006, RFID tags included in new [[United States passport]]s store the same information that is printed within the passport, and include a digital picture of the owner.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.contactlessnews.com/2006/11/30/contactless-inlays-from-smartrac-ordered-for-us-epassport-project|title = Contactless inlays from SMARTRAC ordered for US ePassport project|access-date=2009-03-25}}</ref> The United States Department of State initially stated the chips could only be read from a distance of {{convert|10|cm}}, but after widespread criticism and a clear demonstration that special equipment can read the test passports from {{convert|10|m}} away,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/01/30/dutch_biometric_passport_crack/|title=Face and fingerprints swiped in Dutch biometric passport crack: Chip skimmed, then security breached|last=Lettice|first=John|date=30 January 2006|website=The Register|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060131005717/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/01/30/dutch_biometric_passport_crack/|archive-date=31 January 2006|access-date=9 September 2013}}</ref> the passports were designed to incorporate a thin metal lining to make it more difficult for unauthorized readers to [[RFID skimming|skim]] information when the passport is closed. The department will also implement [[basic access control|Basic Access Control]] (BAC), which functions as a [[personal identification number]] (PIN) in the form of characters printed on the passport data page. Before a passport's tag can be read, this PIN must be entered into an RFID reader. The BAC also enables the encryption of any communication between the chip and interrogator.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/1951/1/132/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060409081514/http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/1951/1/132/|archive-date=April 9, 2006|title=United States sets date for E-passports|date=19 June 2015}}</ref>