Editing Positive psychology (section)

=== Second-wave positive psychology ===
{{Main|Second-wave positive psychology}}
[[Paul T. P. Wong|Paul Wong]] introduced the idea of a second wave of positive psychology, focused on the pursuit of meaning in life, which he contrasted with the pursuit of happiness in life.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=Paul T. P. |title=Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. |journal=Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne |date=May 2011 |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=69–81 |doi=10.1037/a0022511 }}</ref> Ivtzan, Lomas, Hefferon, and Worth have recast positive psychology as being about positive outcome or positive mental health, and have explored the positive outcomes of embracing negative emotions and pessimism.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Second Wave Positive Psychology: Embracing the Dark Side of Life |publisher=Routledge & CRC Press |year=2016|first1=Ital|last1=Ivtzan|first2=Tim|last2=Lomas|first3=Kate|last3=Hefferon|first4=Piers|last4=Worth|isbn=9781138818668}}</ref> Second-wave positive psychology proposes that it is better to accept and transform the meaning of suffering than it is to avoid suffering.<ref name="APA PsycNet">{{cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=Paul T. P. |title=Second wave positive psychology's (PP 2.0) contribution to counselling psychology |journal=Counselling Psychology Quarterly |date=2 October 2019 |volume=32 |issue=3–4 |pages=275–284 |doi=10.1080/09515070.2019.1671320 }}</ref>

In 2016, Lomas and Itzvan proposed that human flourishing (their goal for positive psychology) is about embracing dialectic interplay of positive and negative.{{r|LomasIvtzan2016}} Phenomena cannot be determined to be positive or negative independent of context. Some of their examples included:

; the dialectic of optimism and pessimism: Optimism is associated with longevity, but strategic pessimism can lead to more effective planning and decision making.
; the dialectic of self-esteem and humility: Self-esteem is related to well-being, but pursuit of self-esteem can increase depression. Humility can be either low self-opinion or it can lead to prosocial action. 
; the dialectic of forgiveness and anger: Forgiveness has been associated with well-being, but people who are more forgiving of abuse may suffer prolonged abuse. While anger has been presented as a destructive emotion, it can also be a moral emotion and drawn upon to confront injustices.

In 2019, Wong proposed four principles of second-wave positive psychology:<ref name="APA PsycNet"/>

# accepting and confronting with courage the reality that life is full of evil and suffering
# sustainable wellbeing can only be achieved through overcoming suffering and the dark side of life
# recognizing that everything in life comes in polarities and the importance of achieving an adaptive balance through dialectics
# learning from indigenous psychology, such as the ancient wisdom of finding deep joy in bad situations
Second-wave positive psychology is sometimes abbreviated as PP 2.0.