Editing Phonograph (section)

== Turntable designs ==
[[Image:Technics SL-1200MK2-2.jpg|thumb|A [[Technics SL-1200]] [[direct-drive turntable]]|left]]
There are presently three main phonograph designs: [[Belt-drive turntable|belt-drive]], [[direct-drive turntable|direct-drive]], and [[idler-wheel]].

In a belt-drive turntable the [[Electric motor|motor]] is located off-center from the platter, either underneath it or entirely outside of it, and is connected to the platter or counter-platter by a [[Belt (mechanical)|drive belt]] made from [[Elastomer|elastomeric]] material.

The direct-drive turntable was invented by Shuichi Obata, an engineer at [[Panasonic|Matsushita]] (now Panasonic).<ref name="billboard">''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', May 21, 1977, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XCMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT140 page 140]</ref> In 1969, Matsushita released it as the [[Technics (brand)|Technics]] SP-10,<ref name="oxford">Trevor Pinch, Karin Bijsterveld, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KuRfLG0IedYC&pg=PA515 ''The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies'', page 515], [[Oxford University Press]]</ref> the first direct-drive turntable on the market.<ref name="reverb">{{cite web|title=History of the Record Player Part II: The Rise and Fall|url=https://reverb.com/news/history-of-the-record-player-part-ii-the-rise-and-fall|website=[[Reverb.com]]|date=October 2015 |accessdate=5 June 2016}}</ref> The most influential direct-drive turntable was the [[Technics SL-1200]],<ref name="wired">[https://www.wired.com/2002/05/blackbox/ Six Machines That Changed The Music World], ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'', May 2002</ref> which, following the spread of [[turntablism]] in [[hip hop]] culture, became the most widely-used turntable in DJ culture for several decades.<ref name="wired" />