Editing Philip II of Spain (section)

==Family==
Philip was married four times and had children with three of his wives. He also had two long-term relationships with [[Isabel Osorio]] and [[Eufrasia de Guzmán]].
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File:Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal and Asturias - El Prado.jpg|[[Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal|Maria Manuela of Portugal]] (1527–1545)
File:Anthonis Mor 001.jpg|[[Mary I of England]] (1516–1558), by [[Antonis Mor]]
File:Isabel de Valois2..jpg|[[Elisabeth of Valois]] (1545–1568), by [[Juan Pantoja de la Cruz]]
File:La reina Ana de Austria, por Sofonisba Anguissola.jpg|[[Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain|Anna of Austria]] (1549–1580), by [[Sofonisba Anguissola]]
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===First marriage===
Philip's first wife was his double first cousin, [[Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal]]. She was a daughter of Philip's maternal uncle, [[John III of Portugal]], and paternal aunt, [[Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal|Catherine of Austria]]. They were married at [[Salamanca]] on 12 November 1543. The marriage produced one son in 1545, after which Maria died four days later due to haemorrhage:
* [[Carlos, Prince of Asturias]] (8 July 1545 – 24 July 1568), died unmarried at the age of 23 and without issue.

===Second marriage===
Philip's second wife was his first cousin once removed, Queen [[Mary I of England]]. The marriage, which took place on 25 July 1554 at [[Winchester Cathedral]], was political. By this marriage, Philip became ''[[jure uxoris]]'' [[List of English monarchs|King of England]] and [[King of Ireland|Ireland]], although the couple was apart more than together as they ruled their respective countries. The marriage produced no children, although there was a [[false pregnancy]], and Mary died in 1558, ending Philip's reign in England and Ireland.

===Third marriage===
Philip's third wife was [[Elisabeth of Valois]], the eldest daughter of [[Henry II of France]] and [[Catherine de' Medici]]. The original ceremony was conducted by proxy (the [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Duke of Alba]] standing in for Philip) at [[Notre Dame de Paris|Notre Dame]] prior to Elisabeth's departure from France. The actual ceremony was conducted in [[Guadalajara (province)|Guadalajara]] upon her arrival in Spain. During their marriage (1559–1568) they conceived five daughters, though only two of the girls survived. Elisabeth died a few hours after the loss of her last child. Their children were:
* Miscarried twin daughters (August 1564)
* [[Isabella Clara Eugenia]] (12 August 1566 – 1 December 1633, aged 67), married [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria]]
* [[Catalina Micaela of Spain|Catherine Michaela]] (10 October 1567 – 6 November 1597, aged 30), married [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]], and had issue
* Joan (3 October 1568) died shortly after birth.

===Fourth marriage===
Philip's fourth and final wife was his niece, [[Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain|Anna of Austria]]. Pope Pius V initially refused to grant Philip the dispensation needed to marry Anna, citing biblical prohibitions and the danger of birth defects. The pope reluctantly gave his permission when Philip threatened to abandon the [[Holy League (1571)|Holy League]] in their fight against the Ottoman Turks.<ref>{{cite book |last=Parker |first=Geoffrey |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=na4SDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA232 |title=Great Strategic Rivalries: From the Classical World to the Cold War |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0190620462 |editor-last=Lacey |editor-first=  Jim |edition=illustrated, reprint |page=232 |chapter=6 Incest, Blind Faith, and Conquest: The Spanish Hapsburgs and Their Enemies}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Parker |first=Geoffrey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9OquBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA164 |title=Imprudent King: A New Life of Philip II |date=2014 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300196535 |edition=unabridged |page=164}}</ref> By contemporary accounts, this was a convivial and satisfactory marriage (1570–1580) for both Philip and Anna. This marriage produced four sons and one daughter. Anna died of heart failure 8 months after giving birth to Maria in 1580.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

Their children were:
* [[Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias]] (4 December 1571 – 18 October 1578, aged six)
* Charles Laurence (12 August 1573 – 30 June 1575, aged one)
* [[Diego, Prince of Asturias|Diego Félix]] (15 August 1575 – 21 November 1582, aged seven)
* [[Philip III of Spain]] (14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621, aged 42)
* Maria (14 February 1580 – 5 August 1583, aged three).

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File:Cenotafio de Felipe II y su familia.jpg|Cenotaph of Philip and three of his four wives at [[El Escorial]]
File:Sánchez Coello Royal feast.jpg|King Philip and Queen Anna banqueting with family and courtiers, by [[Alonso Sánchez Coello]]
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