Editing Pavia (section)

== Parks and gardens ==
The municipality of Pavia is part of the [[Parco naturale lombardo della Valle del Ticino]] and preserves two forests ([[Strict nature reserve Bosco Siro Negri]] and [[Bosco Grande nature reserve]]) that they show us the original state of the nature of the [[Po Valley|Po valley]] before the arrival of the Romans, before human settlement. To the north and east of the city, a small stream, originating from springs, the Vernavola, gives rise to a deep valley, escaped from urbanization, which is home to the [[Vernavola Park]], while to the west, the green ring around Pavia is closed by the Sora Park. 9% of the surface of the municipality of Pavia is occupied by natural areas, parks or gardens (about {{convert|594|ha|acre|disp=x|,&nbsp;}}, of which {{convert|312|ha|acre|disp=x|,&nbsp;}} are covered with broad-leaved woods).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comune.pv.it/site/home/aree-tematiche/lavori-pubblici-e-urbanistica/servizio-urbanistica/pgt.html|title=Piano di Governo del Territorio|work=Comune di Pavia| access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref>
[[File:Parco della vernavola1.jpg|thumb|[[Vernavola Park]]]]
* [[Vernavola Park]]: large park, heir of the [[Visconti Park]], with an extension of {{convert|35|ha|acre}} located north of the city. The [[battle of Pavia]] in 1525 is fought in the park.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comune.pv.it/site/home/articolo622.html|title=I parchi di Pavia|work=Comune di Pavia|access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref>
* Ticino Valley Natural Park: regional park located along the banks of the [[Ticino (river)|Ticino]] from [[Lake Maggiore]] to the river [[Po (river)|Po]]. It forms a green belt around the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parcoticino.it/|title=Home|work=Parco del Ticino|access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref>
* [[Bosco Grande nature reserve]]: the Bosco Grande covers an area of about {{convert|22|ha|acre}} southwest of Pavia, it represents one of the last remnants of that lowland forest that in past times entirely covered the Po Valley and of which an important testimony remains in the Parco naturale lombardo della Valle del Ticino.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amicideiboschi.it/il-bosco-grande.html|title=Il bosco Grande|work=Amici dei Boschi|access-date=5 August 2022}}</ref>
* [[Strict nature reserve Bosco Siro Negri]]: the reserve is a small strip of the Po Valley that was donated to the [[University of Pavia]] in 1967 by Giuseppe Negri, a lumber dealer and a great lover of nature. The reserve is located near the Ticino, a few kilometers from the center of Pavia. The forest show us the original state of the nature before the arrival of the Romans, before human settlement. The reserve covers an area of {{convert|34|ha|acre}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boscosironegri.unipv.it/la-riserva/|title=La riserva|work=Bosco Negri Unipv|access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref>
* Sora Park: along the Ticino, to the North West, near the [[San Lanfranco, Pavia|church of San Lanfranco]] is the Sora park, which extends for about {{convert|40|ha|acre}}, inside which there are several micro-environments of high environmental value.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comune.pv.it/site/home/articolo622.html|title=I parchi di Pavia|work=Comune di Pavia|access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref> [[File:Arnaldo Pomodoro, Triade, Horti Borromaici, Pavia.jpg|thumb|[[Arnaldo Pomodoro]], ''Triade'', 1979, Horti Borromaici]]
* Horti Borromaici: the Horti are a vast urban park, covering an area of about {{convert|3.5|ha|acre}}, located within the historic center of Pavia, between the [[Collegio Borromeo]] (which owns it) and [[Ticino (river)|Ticino]], where the natural habitat is meets with contemporary art, knowledge and social inclusion. The park includes a vast naturalistic area, where over 3,000 native trees and shrubs have been planted, and an en plein air exhibition area of contemporary art, where works by: [[Arnaldo Pomodoro]], Nicola Carrino, Gianfranco Pardi, Luigi Mainolfi, [[Mauro Staccioli]], Salvatore Cuschera, Marco Lodola, Ivan Tresoldi and [[David Tremlett]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Horti |url=http://www.collegioborromeo.it/it/horti/ |website=collegioborromeo.it |publisher=Almo Collegio Borromeo |access-date=7 October 2022}}</ref>
* Malaspina Gardens: public gardens in the historic center of the city (Piazza Petrarca), created, between 1838 and 1840, by the Marquis Luigi Malaspina as the English garden of his palace and a place for concerts and cultural events and retain a small temple and some neoclassical sculptures.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Erba |first1=Luisa |title=Spunti per una storia del giardino a Pavia |journal=Annali di Storia Pavese |language=it|date=2000 |volume=28 |pages=193–206 |url=http://archivio.comune.pv.it/museicivici/pdf/annali28/33%20Erba.pdf |access-date=22 September 2022}}</ref>
* [[Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia]]: established in 1773, it covers an area of {{convert|2|ha|acre}}. It is mainly organized in living collections of plants such as rose garden, tea bed, orchid greenhouse, tropical greenhouse, utility plant greenhouse (designed in 1776 by [[Giuseppe Piermarini]]), arboretum, plane trees, flower beds of native plants of the Lombard Plain, living collections of seeds and collections of desiccat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://ortobotanico.unipv.eu/home-eng/ |website=Orto Botanico |publisher=Orto Botanico Unipv |access-date=22 September 2022}}</ref>