Editing Oxycodone (section)

==Chemistry==
{{See also|List of opioids}}

Oxycodone's chemical name is derived from [[codeine]]. The chemical structures are very similar, differing only in that

* Oxycodone has a [[hydroxy group]] at carbon-14 (codeine has just a hydrogen in its place)
* Oxycodone has a 7,8-dihydro feature. Codeine has a [[double bond]] between those two carbons; and
* Oxycodone has a [[carbonyl group]] (as in [[ketone]]s) in place of the hydroxyl group of codeine.

It is also similar to [[hydrocodone]], differing only in that it has a hydroxyl group at carbon-14.<ref name=AHFS/>

===Biosynthesis===
In terms of biosynthesis, oxycodone has been found naturally in nectar extracts from the orchid family ''[[Epipactis helleborine]]''; together along with another opioid: 3-<nowiki/>{2-<nowiki/>{3-<nowiki/>{3-benzyloxypropyl}-3-indol, 7,8-didehydro- 4,5-epoxy-3,6-d-morphinan.<ref>[https://www.erowid.org/references/texts/show/8710docid7639 "Why do pollinators become 'sluggish'? Nectar chemical constituents from Epipactis helleborine L. Crantz Orchidaceae".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108121426/https://www.erowid.org/references/texts/show/8710docid7639 |date=8 November 2020 }} Applied Ecology & Environmental Research. 2005;3(2):29–38. Jakubska A, Przado D, Steininger M, Aniol-Kwiatkowska A, Kadej M.</ref>

Thodey ''et al.'', 2014 introduce a [[microbe|microbial]] compound manufacturing system for compounds including oxycodone.<ref name="engineeringsecondary" /> The Thodey platform produces both natural and [[semisynthetic]] opioids including this one.<ref name="engineeringsecondary" /> This system uses ''[[Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]'' with [[transgene]]s from ''[[Papaver somniferum]]'' (the opium poppy) and ''[[Pseudomonas putida]]'' to turn a [[thebaine]] input into other opiates and opioids.<ref name="engineeringsecondary">
   {{Unbulleted list citebundle
      |{{*}} {{cite journal | vauthors = O'Connor SE | title = Engineering of Secondary Metabolism | journal = Annual Review of Genetics | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | pages = 71–94 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26393965 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-genet-120213-092053 | publisher = [[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | doi-access = free }}
      |{{*}} {{cite journal | year=2015 | publisher=[[Faculty Opinions Ltd]] | journal=[[Faculty Opinions]] | vauthors = Deng Z, Liu T | title=Faculty Opinions recommendation of A microbial biomanufacturing platform for natural and semisynthetic opioids | doi=10.3410/f.718541729.793511628 | s2cid=222595431 | doi-access=free }}
      |{{*}} {{cite journal | vauthors = Thodey K, Galanie S, Smolke CD | title = A microbial biomanufacturing platform for natural and semisynthetic opioids | journal = Nature Chemical Biology | volume = 10 | issue = 10 | pages = 837–844 | date = October 2014 | pmid = 25151135 | pmc = 4167936 | doi = 10.1038/nchembio.1613 | publisher = [[Nature Portfolio]] | s2cid = 38478470 }}
   }}
</ref>

===Detection in biological fluids===
Oxycodone or its major metabolites may be measured in blood or urine to monitor for [[Clearance (medicine)|clearance]], non-medical use, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning, or assist in a medicolegal death investigation. Many commercial opiate screening tests cross-react appreciably with oxycodone and its metabolites, but chromatographic techniques can easily distinguish oxycodone from other opiates.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Baselt R | date = 2017 | title = Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man | edition = 11th | publisher = Biomedical Publications | location = Foster City, CA | pages = 1604–1607 }}</ref>