Editing Oxford (section)

===Brewing===
There is a long history of [[brewing]] in Oxford. Several of the colleges had private breweries, one of which, at [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose]], survived until 1889. In the 16th century brewing and [[malting]] appear to have been the most popular trades in the city. There were breweries in [[Brewer Street, Oxford|Brewer Street]] and [[Paradise Street, Oxford|Paradise Street]], near the [[Castle Mill Stream]]. The rapid expansion of Oxford and the development of its railway links after the 1840s facilitated expansion of the brewing trade.<ref name=Woolley78>{{cite journal |last1=Woolley |first1=Liz |year=2010 |title=Industrial Architecture in Oxford, 1870 to 1914 |journal=Oxoniensia |volume=LXXV |page=78 |publisher=[[Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society]] |issn=0308-5562}}</ref> As well as expanding the market for Oxford's brewers, railways enabled brewers further from the city to compete for a share of its market.<ref name=Woolley78/> By 1874 there were nine breweries in Oxford and 13 brewers' agents in Oxford shipping beer in from elsewhere.<ref name=Woolley78/> The nine breweries were: Flowers & Co in [[Cowley Road]], Hall's [[St Giles, Oxford|St Giles]] Brewery, Hall's Swan Brewery (see below), Hanley's City Brewery in [[Queen Street, Oxford|Queen Street]], Le Mills's Brewery in [[St. Ebbes]], [[Morrells Brewing Company|Morrell's]] Lion Brewery in [[Thomas the Apostle|St Thomas]] Street (see below), Simonds's Brewery in Queen Street, Weaving's Eagle Brewery (by 1869 the Eagle Steam Brewery) in [[Park End Street]] and Wootten and Cole's [[St Clement's, Oxford|St. Clement's]] Brewery.<ref name=Woolley78/>

The Swan's Nest Brewery, later the Swan Brewery, was established by the early 18th century in [[Paradise Street, Oxford|Paradise Street]], and in 1795 was acquired by William Hall.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Page |editor-first=William |editor-link=William Page (historian) |series=Victoria County History |title=A History of the County of Oxford, Volume 2: Industries: Malting and Brewing |year=1907 |publisher=[[Archibald Constable]] & Co |pages=225–277 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=101945#s12 |access-date=5 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316074332/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=101945#s12 |archive-date=16 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[brewery]] became known as Hall's Oxford Brewery, which acquired other local breweries. Hall's Brewery was acquired by [[Samuel Allsopp & Sons]] in 1926, after which it ceased brewing in Oxford.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Richmond|first1=Lesley|last2=Turton|first2=Alison|year=1990|title=The Brewing industry: a guide to historical records|isbn=978-0-7190-3032-1|page=165|publisher=Manchester University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NB8NAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA165|access-date=27 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921111019/https://books.google.com/books?id=NB8NAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA165&lpg=PA165&dq|archive-date=21 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Morrell's Brewing Company|Morrell's]] was founded in 1743 by Richard Tawney. He formed a partnership in 1782 with Mark and James Morrell, who eventually became the owners.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.headington.org.uk/history/famous_people/morrellfamily.htm |title=History of Headington, Oxford |publisher=Headington.org.uk |date=19 April 2009 |access-date=17 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323033009/http://www.headington.org.uk/history/famous_people/morrellfamily.htm |archive-date=23 March 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> After an acrimonious family dispute the brewery was closed in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.thisisoxfordshire.co.uk/1998/7/9/85120.html |title=Morrells Brewery up for sale |publisher=Archive.thisisoxfordshire.co.uk |access-date=17 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201232227/http://archive.thisisoxfordshire.co.uk/1998/7/9/85120.html |archive-date=1 December 2008 }}</ref> The beer brand names were taken over by the Thomas Hardy Burtonwood brewery,<ref>{{cite web |author=www.quaffale.org.uk |url=http://www.quaffale.org.uk/php/brewery/479 |title=Morrells Brewery Ltd |publisher=Quaffale.org.uk |date=22 September 2001 |access-date=17 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122013846/http://www.quaffale.org.uk/php/brewery/479 |archive-date=22 November 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> while the 132 [[Tied house|tied]] [[pubs]] were bought by Michael Cannon, owner of the American hamburger chain [[Fuddruckers]], through a new company, Morrells of Oxford.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pstalker.com/echo/f_45a.html |title=Jericho Echo |publisher=Pstalker.com |access-date=17 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808010233/http://www.pstalker.com/echo/f_45a.html |archive-date=8 August 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> The new owners sold most of the pubs on to [[Greene King]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/england/2051362.stm |title=Brewer buys pub chain for £67m |work=BBC News |date=18 June 2002 |access-date=17 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112044544/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/england/2051362.stm |archive-date=12 January 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Lion Brewery was converted into luxury apartments in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.thisisoxfordshire.co.uk/2001/2/19/69009.html |title=Brewery site plan nears final hurdle |publisher=Archive.thisisoxfordshire.co.uk |date=19 February 2001 |access-date=17 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225022552/http://archive.thisisoxfordshire.co.uk/2001/2/19/69009.html |archive-date=25 December 2008 }}</ref> Oxford's first legal [[distillery]], the [[Oxford Artisan Distillery]], was established in 2017 in historic farm buildings at the top of [[South Park, Oxford|South Park]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/15435753.grab-glass-oxford-artisan-distillery-opens-south-park-today/ | date=27 July 2017 | title=Grab a glass: The Oxford Artisan Distillery opens in South Park today | first=Marc | last=Evans | newspaper=[[Oxford Mail]] | access-date=11 September 2021 | archive-date=10 September 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910211013/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/15435753.grab-glass-oxford-artisan-distillery-opens-south-park-today/ | url-status=live }}</ref>