Editing Odyssey (section)

=== Testing ===
[[File:Odysseus und Penelope (Tischbein).jpg|thumb|Penelope questions Odysseus to prove his identity.]]

Another theme throughout the ''Odyssey'' is testing.{{sfn|Thornton|1970|pp=47–51}} This occurs in two distinct ways. Odysseus tests the loyalty of others and others test Odysseus' identity. An example of Odysseus testing the loyalties of others is when he returns home.{{sfn|Thornton|1970|pp=47–51}} Instead of immediately revealing his identity, he arrives disguised as a beggar and then proceeds to determine who in his house has remained loyal to him and who has helped the suitors. After Odysseus reveals his true identity, the characters test Odysseus' identity to see if he really is who he says he is.{{sfn|Thornton|1970|pp=47–51}} For instance, Penelope tests Odysseus' identity by saying that she will move the bed into the other room for him. This is a difficult task since it is made out of a living tree that would require being cut down, a fact that only the real Odysseus would know, thus proving his identity.{{sfn|Thornton|1970|pp=47–51}}

Testing also has a very specific [[type scene]] that accompanies it. Throughout the epic, the testing of others follows a typical pattern. This pattern is:{{sfn|Thornton|1970|pp=47–51}}{{sfn|Edwards|1992|pp=284–330}}

# Odysseus is hesitant to question the loyalties of others.
# Odysseus tests the loyalties of others by questioning them.
# The characters reply to Odysseus's questions.
# Odysseus proceeds to reveal his identity.
# The characters test Odysseus' identity.
# There is a rise of emotions associated with Odysseus's recognition, usually lament or joy.
# Finally, the reconciled characters work together.