Editing Northern bobwhite (section)

=== Masked bobwhite ===
The masked bobwhite subspecies, ''C. v. ridgwayi'', is listed as [[Endangered species|endangered]] in the U.S. The birds were twice declared extirpated in Arizona in the past century.  It was originally endemic to southern Arizona in the U.S., and northern Sonora in Mexico. It is considered a ''Critically Imperiled Subspecies'' by [[NatureServe]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101584/Colinus_virginianus_ridgwayi |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=explorer.natureserve.org}}</ref>

The masked bobwhite was in decline since its discovery in 1884. By 1900, the subspecies was already extinct in the U.S. Populations remained in Mexico, but their study was curtailed by political events in Mexico, including the [[Mexican Revolution]] and the last of the [[Yaqui Wars]]. A population of the masked bobwhite was finally discovered and studied in Mexico, in 1931 and 1932.<ref name=":0" />

A native population historically existed in Sonora, but by 2017, its population appeared to be declining, or possibly extinct.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=David|last2=Clark|first2=Kevin|date=2017-11-08|title=The Saga of the Masked Bobwhite: Lessons Learned and Unlearned|url=https://trace.tennessee.edu/nqsp/vol8/iss1/102|journal=National Quail Symposium Proceedings|volume=8|issue=1|doi=10.7290/nqsp08z7kl |issn=2573-5667}}</ref> A 2017 study recorded no wild sightings of the bird in Sonora.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=García-Solórzano|first1=David|last2=López-González|first2=Edgardo|last3=Islas|first3=Carlos|date=2017-11-08|title=Conservation Status of the Masked Bobwhite in Sonora, Mexico|url=https://trace.tennessee.edu/nqsp/vol8/iss1/101|journal=National Quail Symposium Proceedings|volume=8|issue=1|doi=10.7290/nqsp08rzji |issn=2573-5667}}</ref> Decline of the species has been attributed to intense livestock grazing in an ecosystem that does not rejuvenate quickly.

A captive flock was established in Arizona in the 1970s. The George Miksch Sutton Avian Research Center (Sutton Center) became involved with conservation efforts in 2017 to establish a breeding population at the Sutton Center in Oklahoma, in order to reintroduce birds to [[Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge| Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR)]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.suttoncenter.org/conservation/saving-species/masked-bobwhite/|title=Masked Bobwhite – Sutton Center|publisher=George Miksch Sutton Avian Research Center|website=suttoncenter.org|access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> In 2019, biologists from the Sutton Center transported 1,000 chicks by road vehicle to [[Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge]].  In 2020, a projected total of 1,200 birds will be transported by airplanes to BANWR.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bostian |first1=Kelly |title=Tiny birds, big wings – volunteer flights helping to prop up endangered quail population |url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/tiny-birds-big-wings-volunteer-flights-help-to-prop-up-endangered-quail-population/article_9a944686-d809-52a6-ab17-405884988ec0.html |website=Tulsaworld.com |date=19 July 2020 |publisher=Tulsa World |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> These recent actions are supplemental, and in addition to other conservation efforts in the past, seem to aid the subspecies' future conservation efforts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/Documents/R2ES/MaskedBobwhiteQuail_5-yr_Review_Mar2014.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/Documents/R2ES/MaskedBobwhiteQuail_5-yr_Review_Mar2014.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Masked Bobwhite {{!}} 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation|date=March 2014|publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Carpenter|first1=James W.|last2=Gabel|first2=Robert R.|last3=Goodwin|first3=John G.|date=1991|title=Captive breeding and reintroduction of the endangered masked bobwhite|journal=Zoo Biology|language=en|volume=10|issue=6|pages=439–449|doi=10.1002/zoo.1430100602|issn=1098-2361}}</ref>