Editing New Imperialism (section)

==Imperial rivalries==
{{further|Pink Map|1890 British Ultimatum}}
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The extension of European control over Africa and Asia added a further dimension to the rivalry and mutual suspicion which characterized international diplomacy in the decades preceding World War I. France's seizure of [[Tunisia]] in 1881 initiated fifteen years of tension with Italy, which had hoped to take the country, retaliating by allying with Germany and waging a decade-long tariff war with France. Britain's takeover of Egypt a year later caused a marked cooling of its relations with France.

The most striking conflicts of the era were the [[Spanish–American War]] of 1898 and the [[Russo-Japanese War]] of 1904–05, each signaling the advent of a new imperial [[great power]]; the United States and Japan, respectively. The [[Fashoda Crisis|Fashoda]] incident of 1898 represented the worst Anglo-French crisis in decades, but France's buckling in the face of British demands foreshadowed improved relations as the two countries set about resolving their overseas claims.

British policy in South Africa and German actions in the Far East contributed to dramatic policy shifts, which in the 1900s, aligned hitherto isolationist Britain first with Japan as an ally, and then with France and Russia in the looser [[Triple Entente]]. German efforts to break the Entente by challenging French hegemony in [[Morocco]] resulted in the [[Tangier Crisis]] of 1905 and the [[Agadir Crisis]] of 1911, adding to tension and anti-German sentiment in the years preceding [[World War I]]. In the Pacific, conflicts between Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom contributed to the [[Samoan Civil War|First]] and [[Second Samoan Civil War]].

Another crisis [[Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03|occurred in 1902–03]], when there was a stand-off between [[Venezuela]] backed by [[Argentina]], the [[United States]] (see [[Drago Doctrine]] and [[Monroe Doctrine]]) and a coalition of European countries.