Editing Neodymium (section)

==Biological role and precautions==
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| Name = Neodymium (solid ingot)
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
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The early lanthanides, including neodymium, as well as lanthanum, cerium and praseodymium, have been found to be essential to some [[methanotrophic]] bacteria living in [[Mudpot|volcanic mudpots]], such as ''[[Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/1462-2920.12249 |pmid=24034209 |title=Rare earth metals are essential for methanotrophic life in volcanic mudpots |date=2013 |last1=Pol |first1=Arjan |last2=Barends |first2=Thomas R. M. |last3=Dietl |first3=Andreas |last4=Khadem |first4=Ahmad F. |last5=Eygensteyn |first5=Jelle |last6=Jetten |first6=Mike S. M. |last7=Op Den Camp |first7=Huub J. M. |journal=Environmental Microbiology |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=255–64|bibcode=2014EnvMi..16..255P |url=https://repository.ubn.ru.nl//bitstream/handle/2066/128108/128108.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=Lin |last2=Shen |first2=Zhiqiang |last3=Jin |first3=Chengzhi |date=2000-04-01 |title=Neodymium cations Nd3+ were transported to the interior ofEuglena gracilis 277 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02886032 |journal=Chinese Science Bulletin |language=en |volume=45 |issue=7 |pages=585–592 |doi=10.1007/BF02886032 |bibcode=2000ChSBu..45..585K |s2cid=95983365 |issn=1861-9541}}</ref> Neodymium is not otherwise known to have a biological role in any other organisms.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vais |first1=Vladimir |last2=Li |first2=Chunsheng |last3=Cornett |first3=Jack |date=2003-09-01 |title=Condensation reaction in the bandpass reaction cell improves sensitivity for uranium, thorium, neodymium and praseodymium measurements |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-2084-x |journal=Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry |language=en |volume=377 |issue=1 |pages=85–88 |doi=10.1007/s00216-003-2084-x |pmid=12856100 |s2cid=11330034 |issn=1618-2650}}</ref>

Neodymium metal dust is combustible and therefore an explosion hazard. Neodymium compounds, as with all rare-earth metals, are of low to moderate toxicity; however, its toxicity has not been thoroughly investigated. Ingested neodymium salts are regarded as more toxic if they are soluble than if they are insoluble.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/nd.htm|title = Neodymium (Nd) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects}}</ref> Neodymium dust and salts are very irritating to the eyes and [[mucous membrane]]s, and moderately irritating to skin. Breathing the dust can cause lung [[embolism]]s, and accumulated exposure damages the liver. Neodymium also acts as an [[anticoagulant]], especially when given intravenously.<ref name="history" />

Neodymium magnets have been tested for medical uses such as magnetic braces and bone repair, but [[biocompatibility]] issues have prevented widespread applications.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Donohue |first1=V. E. |last2=McDonald |first2=Fraser |last3=Evans |first3=R. |date=Mar 1995 |title=In vitro cytotoxicity testing of neodymium-iron-boron magnets |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jab.770060110 |journal=Journal of Applied Biomaterials |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=69–74 |doi=10.1002/jab.770060110 |pmid=7703540 |issn=1045-4861}}</ref> Commercially available magnets made from neodymium are exceptionally strong and can attract each other from large distances. If not handled carefully, they come together very quickly and forcefully, causing injuries. There is at least one documented case of a person losing a fingertip when two magnets he was using snapped together from 50&nbsp;cm away.<ref>{{cite web|last = Swain|first = Frank|title = How to remove a finger with two super magnets| publisher = Seed Media Group LLC|date = March 6, 2009|url = http://scienceblogs.com/sciencepunk/2009/03/06/how-to-remove-a-finger-with-tw/| access-date = 2013-03-31}}</ref>

Another risk of these powerful magnets is that if more than one magnet is ingested, they can pinch soft tissues in the [[gastrointestinal tract]]. This has led to an estimated 1,700 emergency room visits<ref name="times2014" /> and necessitated the recall of the [[Buckyball (toy)|Buckyballs line of toys]], which were construction sets of small neodymium magnets.<ref name="times2014">{{cite news|last = Abrams|first = Rachel|title = After Two-Year Fight, Consumer Agency Orders Recall of Buckyballs| newspaper = New York Times|date = July 17, 2014|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/18/business/after-two-year-fight-consumer-agency-orders-recall-of-buckyballs.html?_r=0| access-date = 2014-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Neodymium Magnets: Too Attractive?|date=2014|url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/821835|journal=Medscape Gastroenterology|author=Balistreri, William F. }}</ref>