Editing Napoleon (section)

====War of the Fifth Coalition====
{{Main|War of the Fifth Coalition}}

[[File:Napoleon Wagram.jpg|thumb|''[[The Battle of Wagram]]'' by [[Horace Vernet]], 1836]]
The overthrow of the Spanish Bourbons caused alarm in Austria over Napoleon's ambitions while France's military difficulties in the Peninsular encouraged Austria to go to war.{{sfnp|Dwyer|2013|pp=304-05}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=John H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQLoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT27 |title=The Battle of Znaim: Napoleon, the Habsburgs and the end of the War of 1809 |date=2020 |publisher=Greenhill Books |others=Austria, February 1809: The Die is Cast for War |isbn=978-1-78438-451-7 |access-date=2 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202040239/https://books.google.com/books?id=fQLoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT27 |archive-date=2 December 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the early morning of 10 April 1809, the Austrian army crossed the [[Inn (river)|Inn River]] and invaded Bavaria. The Austrian advance was disorganized, and they were unable to defeat the Bavarian army before the French could concentrate their forces.{{sfnp|Dwyer|2013|p=306}} Napoleon arrived from Paris on 17 April to lead the French campaign. In the following [[Battle of Eckmühl]] he was slightly wounded in the heel, but the Austrians were forced to retreat across the [[Danube]]. The French occupied Vienna on 13 May, but most of the population had fled and the retreating army had destroyed all four bridges across the river.{{sfnp|Dwyer|2013|pp=306-08}}

On 21 May, the French attempted to cross the Danube, precipitating the [[Battle of Aspern-Essling]]. Both sides inflicted about 23,000 casualties on each other, and the French were forced back.<ref>{{harvp|Chandler|1966|p=706}}</ref> The battle was reported in European capitals as a defeat for Napoleon and damaged his aura of invincibility.<ref>{{harvp|Chandler|1966|p=707}}</ref>{{sfnp|Dwyer|2013|pp=308-12}} After six weeks of preparations, Napoleon made another attempt at crossing the Danube.{{sfnp|Chandler|1973|p=708}} In the ensuing [[Battle of Wagram]] (5–6 July) the Austrians were forced to retreat, but the French and Austrians each suffered losses of 37,000 to 39,000 killed, wounded or captured.{{sfnp|Dwyer|2013|pp=312-14}}{{sfnp|Chandler|1973|p=729}} The French caught up with the retreating Austrians at the [[Battle of Znaim]] on 10 July, and the latter signed an armistice on 12 July.{{sfnp|Dwyer|2013|p=314}} In August, a British force [[Walcheren Campaign|landed in Holland]] but lost 4,000 men, mainly to illness, before withdrawing in December.{{sfnp|Palmer|1984|pp=285-86}}

The [[Treaty of Schönbrunn]] in October 1809 was harsh for Austria which lost substantial territory and over three million subjects.{{sfnp|Chandler|1973|p=732}} France received [[Carinthia (Slovenia)|Carinthia]], [[Carniola]], and the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] ports of [[Trieste]] and Fiume ([[Rijeka]]); the part of Poland annexed by Austria in the [[third partition of Poland|third partition]] in 1795, known at the time as [[West Galicia]], was given to the Polish-ruled [[Duchy of Warsaw]]; and the territory of the former Archbishopric of Salzburg went to Bavaria.{{sfnp|Fremont-Barnes|Fisher|2004|p=144}} Austria was required to pay an indemnity of 200 million francs, and its army was reduced to 150,000 men.{{sfnp|Dwyer|2013|p=316}}