Editing Myopia (section)

===Surgery===
[[Refractive surgery]] includes procedures which alter the corneal curvature of some structure of the eye or which add additional refractive means inside the eye.

====Photorefractive keratectomy====
{{see also|Photorefractive keratectomy}}
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) involves ablation of corneal tissue from the corneal surface using an [[excimer laser]]. The amount of tissue ablation corresponds to the amount of myopia. While PRK is a relatively safe procedure for up to 6 dioptres of myopia, the recovery phase post-surgery is usually painful.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Trokel SL, Srinivasan R, Braren B | title = Excimer laser surgery of the cornea | journal = American Journal of Ophthalmology | volume = 96 | issue = 6 | pages = 710–5 | date = December 1983 | pmid = 6660257 | doi = 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71911-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Seiler T, Bende T, Wollensak J, Trokel S | title = Excimer laser keratectomy for correction of astigmatism | journal = American Journal of Ophthalmology | volume = 105 | issue = 2 | pages = 117–24 | date = February 1988 | pmid = 3341427 | doi = 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90173-0 }}</ref>

====LASIK====
In a [[LASIK]] pre-procedure, a corneal flap is cut into the cornea and lifted to allow the excimer laser beam access to the exposed corneal tissue. After that, the excimer laser ablates the tissue according to the required correction. When the flap again covers the cornea, the change in curvature generated by the laser ablation proceeds to the corneal surface. Though LASIK is usually painless and involves a short rehabilitation period post-surgery, it can potentially result in flap complications and loss of corneal stability (post-LASIK [[keratectasia]]).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pallikaris IG, Siganos DS | title = Laser in situ keratomileusis to treat myopia: early experience | journal = Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery | volume = 23 | issue = 1 | pages = 39–49 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9100106 | doi = 10.1016/s0886-3350(97)80149-6 | s2cid = 38655546 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pallikaris IG, Kymionis GD, Astyrakakis NI | title = Corneal ectasia induced by laser in situ keratomileusis | journal = Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery | volume = 27 | issue = 11 | pages = 1796–802 | date = November 2001 | pmid = 11709254 | doi = 10.1016/s0886-3350(01)01090-2 | s2cid = 2333450 }}</ref>

====Phakic intra-ocular lens====
Instead of modifying the corneal surface, as in laser vision correction (LVC), this procedure involves implanting an additional lens inside the eye (i.e., in addition to the already existing natural lens). While it usually results in good control of the refractive change, it can induce potential serious long-term complications such as glaucoma, cataract and endothelial decompensation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Menezo JL, Peris-Martínez C, Cisneros-Lanuza AL, Martínez-Costa R | title = Rate of cataract formation in 343 highly myopic eyes after implantation of three types of phakic intraocular lenses | journal = Journal of Refractive Surgery | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 317–24 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15307392 | doi = 10.3928/1081-597X-20040701-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Torun N, Bertelmann E, Klamann MK, Maier AK, Liekfeld A, Gonnermann J | title = Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens to correct myopia: long-term follow-up | journal = Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery | volume = 39 | issue = 7 | pages = 1023–8 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23664355 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.01.041 | s2cid = 31750663 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Moshirfar M, Imbornoni LM, Ostler EM, Muthappan V | title = Incidence rate and occurrence of visually significant cataract formation and corneal decompensation after implantation of Verisyse/Artisan phakic intraocular lens | journal = Clinical Ophthalmology | volume = 8 | pages = 711–6 | year = 2014 | pmid = 24748765 | pmc = 3986296 | doi = 10.2147/OPTH.S59878 | doi-access = free }}</ref>