Editing Monarchy of Canada (section)

==Cultural role==
===Royal presence and duties===
{{Further|Royal tours of Canada}}
[[File:Prince of Wales lays last stone of Victoria Bridge.jpg|thumb|[[Edward VII|Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]], lays the last stone for the [[Victoria Bridge (Montreal)|Victoria Bridge]] in [[Montreal]] during his 1860 royal tour]]

Members of the royal family have been present in Canada since the late 18th century, their reasons including participating in military manoeuvres, serving as the federal viceroy, or undertaking official royal tours, which "reinforce [the] country's collective heritage".<ref name=CHP>{{Citation |url=https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/pages/28_royalty_royaute.aspx |title="At Home in Canada": Royalty at Canada's Historic Places |publisher=Canada's Historic Places |access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref> At least one royal tour has been conducted every year between 1957 and 2018.<ref>{{Harvnb|Heard|2018|p=117}}</ref>

The "welfare and service" function of the monarchy is regarded as an important part of the modern monarchy's role and demonstrates a significant change to the institution in recent generations, from a heavily ceremonialized, imperial crown to a "more demotic and visible" head of state "interacting with the general population far beyond confined court circles."<ref>{{Harvnb|Hazell|Morris|2017|pp=26–27}}</ref> As such, a prominent feature of tours are royal walkabouts; a tradition initiated in 1939 by [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]] when she was in Ottawa and broke from the royal party to speak directly to gathered veterans.<ref name=Benoit>{{Harvnb|Benoit|2002|p=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pigott |first=Peter |title=Royal Transport: An Inside Look at the History of Royal Travel |publisher=Dundurn Press |date=2005 |location=Toronto |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8WSLImiMDhAC |isbn=978-1-5500-2572-9}}</ref> Usually important milestones, anniversaries, or celebrations of [[Culture of Canada|Canadian culture]] will warrant the presence of the monarch,<ref name=Benoit/> while other members of the royal family will be asked to participate in lesser occasions. A [[#Federal residences and royal household|household]] to assist and tend to the monarch forms part of the royal party.

Official duties involve the sovereign [[List of state and official visits by Canada|representing the Canadian state at home or abroad]], or her relations as members of the [[#Royal family and house|royal family]] participating in government organized ceremonies either in Canada or elsewhere;{{#tag:ref|Though the royal family represents other countries abroad, as directed by their respective cabinets, and typically the governor general will undertake [[state visit]]s and other foreign duties on behalf of the Queen of Canada,<ref name=Compendium/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/023004-2020-e.html |last=Library and Archives Canada |author-link=Library and Archives Canada |title=Politics and Government > By Executive Decree > The Governor General |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=18 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811074157/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/023004-2020-e.html |archive-date=11 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gg.ca/osgg-bsgg/fin/2004-05/fs-2005-03_e.asp |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080608231931/http://www.gg.ca/osgg-bsgg/fin/2004-05/fs-2005-03_e.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 June 2008 |last=Office of the Governor General of Canada |title=The Office > Annual Reports > 2004–2005 > Report on Performance |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> members of the royal family will also take part in Canadian events overseas.{{Refn|<ref name=Buckner69/><ref name=CRHT>{{Cite web |url=http://www.crht.ca/DiscoverMonarchyFiles/QueenElizabethII.html |author=Canadian Royal Heritage Trust |title=Elizabeth II Queen of Canada |publisher=Canadian Royal Heritage Trust |access-date=22 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418061228/http://www.crht.ca/DiscoverMonarchyFiles/QueenElizabethII.html |archive-date=18 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=memorials/ww1mem/vimy/battle&CFID=14831976&CFTOKEN=67789669 |author=Veterans Affairs Canada |title=Canada Remembers > Memorials to Canadians' Achievements and Sacrifices > First World War Memorials in Europe > Vimy Memorial > The Battle of Vimy Ridge > The Canadian National Vimy Memorial – Fast Facts |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=24 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617191924/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=memorials%2Fww1mem%2Fvimy%2Fbattle&CFID=14831976&CFTOKEN=67789669 |archive-date=17 June 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Foot |first=Richard |title=Vimy memorial had a turbulent history of its own |newspaper=The Vancouver Sun |page=A4 |date=4 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=Elizabeth II |author-link=Elizabeth II |date=1957 |contribution=Radio address to Canadians |contribution-url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/files/pdf/1957canada.pdf |editor=The Royal Household |title=Images and Broadcasts > The Queen's Speeches |location=London |publisher=Queen's Printer |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/Home.aspx |access-date=3 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831232450/http://www.royal.gov.uk/Home.aspx |archive-date=31 August 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Royal Visit |magazine=Time |volume=IXX |issue=17 |location=New York |date=21 October 1957 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,937945,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513184211/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,937945,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 May 2007 |issn=0040-781X |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/CourtCircular/Todaysevents.aspx |author=The Royal Household |title=Past events (Court Circular) > Search the Court Circular > 13 May 1998 |publisher=Queen's Printer |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Valpy |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Valpy |title=A Queen and her agent may mix |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=8 June 2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Remembering Vimy – 90th Anniversary Celebrations on CTV, April 9 |publisher=CTV |date=4 April 2007 |url=http://www.tvthrong.ca/remembering-vimy/remembering-vimy-90th-anniversary-celebrations-on-ctv-april-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618053606/http://www.tvthrong.ca/remembering-vimy/remembering-vimy-90th-anniversary-celebrations-on-ctv-april-9 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 June 2008 |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Royal Respect for Canada's Vimy Heroes, Queen of Canada Rededicates Memorial on French Soil |journal=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Summer 2007 |issue=26 |page=3 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |location=Toronto |date=2007 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2007/Summer_2007_CMN.pdf |access-date=22 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625225416/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2007/Summer_2007_CMN.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Prince Charles, Clarkson honour D-Day fallen |publisher=CTV |date=6 June 2004 |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/20040606/d-day_charles_040605/20040606?hub=Canada&subhub=PrintStory |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605233002/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/20040606/d-day_charles_040605/20040606?hub=Canada&subhub=PrintStory |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2008 |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/CourtCircular/Todaysevents.aspx |author=The Royal Household |title=Past events (Court Circular) > Search the Court Circular > 14 April 2007 |publisher=Queen's Printer |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Another Member of the Canadian Royal Family Performs Duties Abroad |journal=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Summer 2007 |issue=26 |page=4 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |location=Toronto |date=2007 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2007/Summer_2007_CMN.pdf |access-date=22 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625225416/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2007/Summer_2007_CMN.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/CourtCircular/Todaysevents.aspx |author=The Royal Household |title=Past events (Court Circular) > Search the Court Circular > 7–8 June 2008 |publisher=Queen's Printer |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Bousfield|Toffoli|2002|p=67}}</ref>}}|group=n|name=Duties}}{{Refn|<ref name=RT2010>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royaltour.gc.ca/faq-eng.cfm |last=Government of Canada |author-link=Government of Canada |title=2010 Royal Tour > Frequently Asked Questions > Who pays for Royal Tours of Canada? |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=15 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621033614/http://royaltour.gc.ca/faq-eng.cfm |archive-date=21 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=MJ>{{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=D. Michael |title=The "Working" Princess: Saskatchewan Welcomes the Princess Royal |journal=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Summer 2004 |issue=24 |page=8 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |location=Toronto |date=2004 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2004/Sum04PDFPRinSask.pdf |access-date=22 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625225450/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2004/Sum04PDFPRinSask.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Queen arrives in Saskatchewan |publisher=CBC |date=18 May 2005 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/queen-arrives-in-saskatchewan-1.564154 |access-date=22 May 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203051253/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/05/17/royal-visit-050517.html |archive-date=3 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |author=The Royal Household |title=The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh pay a centenary visit to Canada, 17 – May 24, 2005 |magazine=Royal Insight Magazine |volume=May 2005 |publisher=Queen's Printer |location=London |date=2005 |url=http://194.203.40.17/output/page4120.asp |access-date=22 May 2009}}{{Dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{Cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>}} sometimes these individuals are employed in asserting Canada's sovereignty over its territories.{{#tag:ref|In 1970, Queen Elizabeth II, the Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Charles, and Princess Anne undertook a tour of [[Northern Canada]], in part to demonstrate to an unconvinced American government and the [[Soviet Union]] that [[Territorial claims in the Arctic|Canada had certain claim to its Arctic territories]], which were strategic during the [[Cold War]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.canadaka.net/link.php?id=87466 |last=Davison |first=Janet |title=Princess Anne's Ottawa tour will honour 'everyday heroes' |date=7 November 2014 |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref>|group=n|name=Arctic}} The advice of the Canadian Cabinet is the impetus for royal participation in any Canadian event, though, at present, the Chief of Protocol and his staff in the [[Department of Canadian Heritage]] are, as part of the State Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Program,<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Canada Post |author-link=Canada Post |title=Queen Elizabeth: 1926–2006 |journal=Canada's Stamp Details |volume=XV |issue=1 |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |location=Ottawa |date=January–March 2006 |url=http://www.canadapost.ca/personal/collecting/default-e.asp?stamp=stpartl&detail=1350 |access-date=14 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023071429/http://www.canadapost.ca/personal/collecting/default-e.asp?stamp=stpartl&detail=1350 |archive-date=23 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/actvt/105-eng.cfm |last=Department of Canadian Heritage |title=Subjects > Citizenship and Identity > Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > Reinforcement of constitutional links with the institutions of the Canadian Monarchy |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=22 May 2009 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225075402/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/actvt/105-eng.cfm |url-status=dead}}</ref> responsible for orchestrating any official events in or for Canada that involve the royal family.<ref name=Hansard62>{{Cite hansard |url=https://sencanada.ca/content/sen/Chamber/392/Debates/PDF/062db_2008-05-27-E.pdf |title=Debates of the Senate |house=Senate |date=27 May 2008| column_start=1373| column_end=1374 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326043230/https://sencanada.ca/content/sen/Chamber/392/Debates/PDF/062db_2008-05-27-E.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref>
[[File:Prince Philip as Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Canadian Regiment.jpg|thumb|[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]] with the [[Royal Canadian Regiment]] as their [[colonel-in-chief]], April 2013]]

Conversely, unofficial duties are performed by royal family members for Canadian organizations of which they may be [[Patronage|patrons]], through their attendance at charity events, visiting with members of the Canadian Forces as colonel-in-chief, or marking certain key anniversaries.<ref name=RT2010/><ref name=MJ/> The invitation and expenses associated with these undertakings are usually borne by the associated organization.<ref name=RT2010/> In 2005, members of the royal family were present at a total of 76 Canadian engagements, as well as several more through 2006 and 2007.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.monarchist.ca/files/publications/costofthecrown2009.pdf |last=Berezovsky |first=Eugene |title=The Cost of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy |edition=4 |date=2009 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |access-date=14 April 2023 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414233305/https://www.monarchist.ca/files/publications/costofthecrown2009.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the period between 2019 and 2022, they carried out 53 engagements, the number reduced, and all through the latter year and a half being virtual, because of restrictions in place during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Canada|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.monarchist.ca/cost-of-the-crown |author=Monarchist League of Canada |title=Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: Good Value, Small Cost |journal=Canadian Monarchist News |page=5 |volume=Winter 2021 |issue=53 |date=2021 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref> The various viceroys took part in 4,023 engagements through 2019 and 2020, both in-person and virtually.<ref>{{Harvnb|Monarchist League of Canada|2021|p=3}}</ref>

Apart from Canada, the King and other members of the royal family regularly perform public duties in the other 14 Commonwealth realms in which the King is head of state. This situation, however, can mean the monarch and/or members of the royal family will be promoting one nation and not another; a situation that has been met with criticism.{{#tag:ref|Former Minister of External Affairs [[Mitchell Sharp]] commented on a situation wherein Elizabeth II was in Latin America to promote British goods at the same time a Canadian ministerial trip to the same area was underway to promote Canadian products. Sharp stated: "We couldn't ask Her Majesty to perform the function she was performing for Britain on that Latin American trip because the Queen is never recognized as Queen of Canada, except when she is in Canada."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharp |first=Mitchell |author-link=Mitchell Sharp |title=Which Reminds Me: A Memoir |publisher=University of Toronto Press |date=1994 |location=Toronto |page=[https://archive.org/details/whichremindsmeme0000shar/page/223 223] |isbn=978-0-8020-0545-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/whichremindsmeme0000shar/page/223}}</ref> The Queen's participation in Canadian events overseas contradicts Sharp's statement, however.{{#tag:ref||group=n|name=RoyVis}}{{#tag:ref||group=n|name=Duties}}|group=n|name=Sharp}}

===Symbols, associations, and awards===
{{Main|Canadian royal symbols|Monarchy of Canada and the Canadian Armed Forces}}

The main symbol of the monarchy is the sovereign himself,<ref name=Tidridge16/> described as "the personal expression of the Crown in Canada,"<ref>{{Harvnb|MacKinnon|1976|p=69}}</ref> and his image is thus used to signify Canadian sovereignty and government authority—his image, for instance, appearing on [[Canadian dollar|currency]], and his portrait in government buildings.<ref name=CIC29/> The sovereign is further both mentioned in and the subject of songs, [[loyal toast]]s, and salutes.<ref>{{Citation |last=Department of National Defence |author-link=Department of National Defence (Canada) |title=The Honours, Flags and Heritage Structure of the Canadian Forces |place=Ottawa |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |date=1 April 1999 |pages=404, 449–450 |url=http://www.saskd.ca/heritage.pdf |id=A-AD-200-000/AG-000 |access-date=23 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325162006/http://www.saskd.ca/heritage.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2009}}</ref> A [[royal cypher]], appearing on buildings and official [[Seal (emblem)|seals]], or a crown, seen on provincial and [[Coat of Arms of Canada|national coats of arms]], as well as [[police]] force and [[Canadian Forces]] regimental and maritime badges and rank insignia, is also used to illustrate the monarchy as the locus of authority,<ref name=DCH2>{{Harvnb|Department of Canadian Heritage|2010|p=2}}</ref> the latter without referring to any specific monarch.
{{Multiple image
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| perrow      = 1/2/1
| image1      = Queen's Park.JPG
| image2      = Sovereign's Medal for Volunteer Medal and Pin.jpg
| image3      = King's College royal charter 1827 leaf1.jpg
| image4      = Canadian Forces Flag.svg
| footer      = (Clockwise from top) equestrian statue of King [[Edward VII]], [[Queen's Park (Toronto)|Queen's Park]], [[Toronto]]; [[George IV]]'s [[royal charter]] establishing the [[University of Toronto]]; flag of the [[Canadian Armed Forces]], with a [[St. Edward's Crown]] atop the forces' emblem; [[Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers]], with the effigy of Elizabeth II wearing a [[Canadian royal symbols#Snowflake Diadem|snowflake diadem]]
}}

Since the days of King [[Louis XIV]],<ref name=McCreery1>{{Cite conference |last=McCreery |first=Christopher |title=The Crown and Honours: Getting it Right |conference=The Crown in Canada: Present Realities and Future Options |place=Kingston |publisher=Queen's University Press |date=10 June 2010 |page=1 |url=http://www.queensu.ca/iigr/conf/ConferenceOnTheCrown/CrownConferencePapers/The_Crown_and_Honours.pdf |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5sGgu5vLO?url=http://www.queensu.ca/iigr/conf/ConferenceOnTheCrown/CrownConferencePapers/The_Crown_and_Honours.pdf |archive-date=26 August 2010 |url-status=dead |access-date=11 August 2010}}</ref> the monarch is the [[Fount of honour|fount]] of all [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada|honours in Canada]] and the orders,<ref name=McCreery1/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/hon/nat-honour-honneur/index-eng.htm |author=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |title=Honours and Recognition Programs > Canadian National Honours |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=20 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323114038/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/hon/nat-honour-honneur/index-eng.htm |archive-date=23 March 2009}}</ref> decorations, and medals form "an integral element of the Crown."<ref name=McCreery1/> Hence, the insignia and medallions for these awards bear a crown, cypher, and/or portrait of the monarch. Similarly, [[Canadian Heraldic Authority|the country's heraldic authority]] was created by Queen Elizabeth II and, operating under the authority of the governor general, grants new [[coats of arms]], [[flag]]s, and [[Heraldic badge|badges]] in Canada. Use of the royal crown in such symbols is a gift from the monarch showing royal support and/or association and requires his approval before being added.<ref name=DCH2/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Crown and Cypher |url=http://canada.pch.gc.ca/eng/1445001063723 |website=Government of Canada |access-date=4 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031029/http://canada.pch.gc.ca/eng/1445001063723 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Members of the royal family also act as ceremonial [[Colonel-in-Chief|colonels-in-chief]], [[Commodore-in-Chief|commodores-in-chief]], [[Captain general|captains-general]], [[Air Commodore-in-Chief|air commodores-in-chief]], [[General (Canada)|generals]], and [[Admiral (Canada)|admirals]] of various elements of the Canadian Forces, reflecting [[The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Forces|the Crown's relationship with the country's military]] through participation in events both at home and abroad.{{#tag:ref|Such events include [[Trooping the Colour|Troopings of the Colour]], inspections of the troops, and anniversaries of key battles; whenever the sovereign or a member of his family is in [[Ottawa]], they lay a wreath at the [[National War Memorial (Canada)|National War Memorial]].|group=n|name=CF}} The monarch also serves as the Commissioner-in-Chief, and Prince Edward and Princess Anne as Honorary Deputy Commissioners, of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Jackson|2013|p=57}}</ref>

A number of Canadian civilian organizations have association with the monarchy, either through their being founded via a [[Royal charter#Canada|royal charter]], having been granted [[List of Canadian organizations with royal prefix|the right to use the prefix ''royal'' before their name]], or because at least one member of the royal family serves as a [[Patronage|patron]]. In addition to [[The Prince's Trust#Subsidiaries|The Prince's Trust Canada]], established by Charles III when Prince of Wales, some other charities and volunteer organizations have also been founded as gifts to, or in honour of, some of Canada's monarchs or members of the royal family, such as the [[Victorian Order of Nurses]], a gift to Queen Victoria for her [[Diamond Jubilee#Commonwealth Realms/British Empire|Diamond Jubilee]] in 1897; the Canadian Cancer Fund, set up in honour of King George V's [[Silver Jubilee#Silver Jubilees in the British Empire and Commonwealth Realms|Silver Jubilee]] in 1935; and the Queen Elizabeth II Fund to Aid in Research on the Diseases of Children. A number of [[List of Canadian awards|awards in Canada]] are likewise issued in the name of previous or present members of the royal family. Further, organizations will give commemorative gifts to members of the royal family to mark a visit or other important occasion. All Canadian coins bear the image of the monarch reigning at the time of the coin's production, with an inscription, {{Lang|la|[[Dei gratia Rex]]}} (often abbreviated to {{Lang|la|DG Rex}}), a Latin phrase translated to English as, "[[by the grace of God]], king".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mint.ca/store/mint/learn/faces-of-the-monarch-1100026 |title=Faces of the Monarch on Coins |publisher=Royal Canadian Mint}}</ref> During the reign of a female monarch, {{Lang|la|rex}} is replaced with {{Lang|la|regina}}, which is Latin for 'queen'.

Throughout the 1970s, symbols of the monarch and monarchy were slowly removed from the public eye. For instance, the Queen's portrait was seen less in [[Public school (government funded)|public schools]] and the Royal Mail became [[Canada Post]]. Smith attributed this to the attitude the government of the day held toward Canada's past;<ref>{{Harvnb|Smith|1995|p=47}}</ref> though, it never raised the policy in public or during any of the constitutional conferences held that decade.<ref name=Toporoski1998/> Andrew Heard argued, however, that dispensing with such symbols was necessary to facilitate the simultaneous increasing embrace of the monarch as Queen of Canada.<ref>{{Harvnb|Heard|2018|p=116}}</ref> Emblems such as the Royal Coat of Arms remained, however, and others, such as the [[Royal standards of Canada|monarch's royal standard]], were created. With the later developments of the [[flag of the governor general of Canada|governor general's flag]], foundation of the Canadian Heraldic Authority, royal standards for other members of the royal family, and the like, Canada, along with New Zealand, is one of the two [[Commonwealth realm|realms]] that have "paid the greatest attention to the nationalization of the visual symbols of the monarchy."<ref>{{Harvnb|Palmer|2018|p=215}}</ref>

===Significance to Canadian identity===
{{Main|Canadian identity}}
In his 2018 book, ''The Canadian Kingdom: 150 Years of Constitutional Monarchy'', Jackson wrote that "the Canadian manifestation of the monarchy is not only historical and constitutional, it is political, cultural, and social, reflecting, and contributing to, change and evolution in Canada's governance, autonomy, and identity."<ref name=Jackson14/> Since at least the 1930s,<ref>{{Harvnb|Buchan|1969|pp=94–101}}</ref> supporters of the Crown have held the opinion that the monarch is a unifying focal point for the nation's "historic consciousness"—the country's heritage being "unquestionably linked with the history of monarchy"<ref name=CHP/>—and Canadian [[patriotism]], traditions, and shared values,<ref name=CHP/> "around which coheres the nation's sense of a continuing personality".<ref>{{Harvnb|Buchan|1969|p=98}}</ref> This infusion of monarchy into Canadian governance and society helps strengthen [[Canadian identity]]<ref name=CHP/> and distinguish it from American identity,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skolnik |first=Michael L. |date=1990 |title=Lipset's "Continental Divide" and the Ideological Basis for Differences in Higher Education between Canada and United States |url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ420197 |journal=Canadian Journal of Higher Education |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=81–93 |doi=10.47678/cjhe.v20i2.183075 |issn=0316-1218 |doi-access=free}}</ref> a difference that has existed since at least 1864, when it was a factor in the Fathers of [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]] choosing to keep constitutional monarchy for the new country in 1866.<ref name=Tidridge20>{{Harvnb|Tidridge|2011|p=20}}</ref> Former Governor General [[Vincent Massey]] articulated in 1967 that the monarchy "stands for qualities and institutions which mean Canada to every one of us and which, for all our differences and all our variety, have kept Canada Canadian."<ref>{{Harvnb|Bousfield|Toffoli|2002 |page=86}}</ref>
{{Quote box
| width = 250px
| border = 1px
| align = left
| bgcolor = #F5F5DC
| quote = I want the Crown in Canada to represent everything that is best and most admired in the Canadian ideal. I will continue to do my best to make it so during my lifetime.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Platinum Jubilee |access-date=19 February 2022 |url=https://www.assembly.ab.ca/visit/events/platinum-jubilee |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Alberta}}</ref>
| salign = right
| source = Elizabeth II, 1973
}}

But, Canadians were, through the late 1960s to the 2000s, encouraged by federal and provincial governments to "neglect, ignore, forget, reject, debase, suppress, even hate, and certainly treat as foreign what their parents and grandparents, whether spiritual or blood, regarded as the basis of Canadian nationhood, autonomy, and history", including the monarchy.<ref>{{Cite journal| last1=Bousfield| first1=Arthur| last2=Toffoli| first2=Gary |title=The "British" Character of Canada |journal=Monarchy Canada |issue=Spring 1996 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |location=Toronto |date=April 1996 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/britchar.htm |access-date=16 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006170100/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/britchar.htm |archive-date=6 October 2007}}</ref> resulting in a disconnect between the Canadian populace and their monarch.<ref name=Tidridge20/> Former Governor General [[Roland Michener]] said in 1970 that anti-monarchists claimed the Canadian Crown is foreign and incompatible with Canada's multicultural society,<ref name=ECF/> which the government promoted as a Canadian identifier, and [[Lawrence Martin (journalist)|Lawrence Martin]] called in 2007 for Canada to become a republic in order to "re-brand the nation".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Martin |first=Lawrence |author-link=Lawrence Martin (journalist) |title=Wallflowers, it's time for a new stage of nationhood |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=29 July 2007 |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/Page/document/v5/content/subscribe?user_URL=https://www.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2Fstory%2FRTGAM.20070729.comartin30%2FBNStory%2FFront%2Fhome&ord=2734943&brand=theglobeandmail&force_login=true |location=Toronto}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> However, Michener also stated, "[the monarchy] is our own by inheritance and choice, and contributes much to our distinctive Canadian identity and our chances of independent survival amongst the republics of North and South America."<ref name=ECF/> Journalist Christina Blizzard emphasized in 2009 that the monarchy "made [Canada] a haven of peace and justice for immigrants from around the world",<ref>{{Cite news |last=Blizzard |first=Christina |title=Royally impressed |newspaper=Toronto Sun |date=8 November 2009 |url=http://www.torontosun.com/comment/columnists/christina_blizzard/2009/11/08/11674786-sun.html |access-date=8 November 2009}}</ref> while [[Michael Valpy]] contended in 2009 that the Crown's nature permitted non-conformity amongst its subjects, thereby opening the door to multiculturalism and pluralism.<ref name=Valpy1109/> Johnston described the Crown as providing "space for our values and beliefs as Canadians."<ref name=Johnstonxi/>

===In media and popular culture===
{{Further|Canadian royal symbols#Artworks|Personality and image of Elizabeth II}}

====Painting and sculpture====
Aside from official artworks, such as monuments and portraits commissioned by government bodies, Canadian painters have, by their own volition or for private organizations, created more expressive, informal depictions of Canada's monarchs and other members of the royal family, ranging from [[fine art]] to irreverent [[graffiti]]. For example, the English-Canadian artist [[Frederic Marlett Bell-Smith]] produced ''[[Frederic Marlett Bell-Smith#Painting Queen Victoria|The Artist Painting Queen Victoria]]'' in 1895, which now resides at the [[National Gallery of Canada]]. At [[Library and Archives Canada]] is the painting ''The Unveiling of the National War Memorial'', capturing [[National War Memorial (Canada)#Dedication and onward|the dedication]] of [[National War Memorial (Canada)|the monument]], in Ottawa, by King [[George VI]] and [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]] in 1939; though, the artist is unknown.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://recherche-collection-search.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/home/record?app=fonandcol&IdNumber=2937010 |author=Library and Archives Canada |title=The Unveiling of the National War Memorial, Ottawa |date=1939 |ref=OP-0992 |id=2937010 |publisher=King's Printer for Canada |access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref>
{{Multiple image
| align       = right
| total_width = 260
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow      = 1/2/1/2
| image1      = Painting of Queen Elizabeth II by Lorena Ziraldo 2014.jpg
| image2      = Victoria Day 2013.jpg
| image3      = Charles - RLWMV (5034821673).jpg
| image4      = Frederic M. Bell-Smith - The Artist Painting Queen Victoria.jpg
| image5      = Ottawa-1939.jpg
| image6      = Queen Vic (218234903).jpeg
| footer      = (Clockwise from top) portrait of [[Elizabeth II]] by [[Lorena Ziraldo]], 2014; wax figure of Prince Charles (now Charles III) at the Royal London Wax Museum, Victoria; [[Frederic Marlett Bell-Smith]]'s ''[[Frederic Marlett Bell-Smith#Painting Queen Victoria|The Artist Painting Queen Victoria]]'', 1895; [[pop art]] portrait of Victoria, Toronto; ''The Unveiling of the National War Memorial'', 1939; irreverent graffiti in Montreal depicting Elizabeth II
}}

[[Hilton Hassell]] depicted Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) [[Square dance|square dancing]] at Rideau Hall in 1951 and a portrait of Elizabeth II by [[Lorena Ziraldo]], of [[Ottawa]], was featured in the ''[[Hill Times]]'' and ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]''.

[[Charles Pachter]], from [[Toronto]], fashioned the painting ''Noblesse Oblige'' in 1972, which shows Queen Elizabeth II, in her Guards Regiment uniform and saluting, as she did during [[Trooping the Colour]] ceremonies, except atop a moose instead of her horse, [[Burmese (horse)|Burmese]]. Despite great controversy when it was first exhibited,<ref name=Pachter>{{Citation |url=https://macleans.ca/uncategorized/canada-posts-diamond-jubilee-stamp-strikes-all-the-right-chords |last=Treble |first=Patricia |title=Canada Post's Diamond Jubilee stamp strikes all the right chords |date=13 February 2012 |magazine=Macleans |publisher=Rogers Media |access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref> it "has become a Canadian cultural image; the people's image".<ref name=Pachter/><ref name=Knelman>{{Cite news |last=Knelman |first=Martin |title=Charlie's royal moose is loose again |newspaper=Toronto Star |date=14 October 2009 |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/709758--knelman-charlie-s-royal-moose-is-loose-again |access-date=14 October 2009}}</ref> Pachter, subsequently made numerous variations on the theme,<ref>{{Citation |url=https://cpachter.com/painting/?album=2&gallery=4 |title=Painting |date=23 March 2011 |publisher=Charles Pachter |access-date=28 March 2023 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329052313/https://cpachter.com/painting/?album=2&gallery=4 |url-status=dead}}</ref> including ''Queen & Moose'' (1973)<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.caviar20.com/products/charles-pachter-queen-moose-painted-collage-1973 |title=Charles Pachter "Queen & Moose" Painted Collage, 1973 |publisher=Caviar 20 |access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref> and ''The Queen on a Moose'' (1988).<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.caviar20.com/products/charles-pachter-august-rose-painting-year |title=Charles Pachter "Queen on a Moose" Acrylic on Canvas, 1988 |publisher=Caviar 20 |access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref> The artist said, "there was an amazing symmetry of putting the sovereign of her northern realm (Canada) on an animal who is the 'monarch of the north, awkward but majestic{{'"}}.<ref name=Pachter/> Pachter made similar pieces showing Elizabeth's son, Prince Charles (now King Charles III) and his wife, [[Queen Camilla|Camilla]], standing alongside a moose<ref name=Knelman/> and Charles's son, [[William, Prince of Wales|Prince William]], and his wife, [[Catherine, Princess of Wales|Catherine]], with Canadian wildlife, such as a moose and a squirrel.<ref>{{Citation |title=Highnesses-in-Training Greet Monarch of the North; "Hat Check" |publisher=Charles Pachter}}</ref> For [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee]], Pachter created a series of fake [[postage stamp]]s using all his paintings that include members of the royal family,<ref name=Pachter/> which he called "my branded images
for Canada."<ref name=UC>{{Citation |url=https://www.uc.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/2021-03/UC-Magazine-Spring2017-Web.pdf |last=Palkowski |first=Yvonne |title=Pachter's Canada |page=14 |journal=UC: University College Alumni Magazine |date=Spring 2017 |publisher=University College |location=Toronto |access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref> Some were featured on accessory items sold at the [[Hudson's Bay Company]].<ref name=UC/>

Portraits of Elizabeth II hung in several hockey arenas across Canada after her accession in 1952. One was in place in [[Maple Leaf Gardens]] until the early 1970s, when owner [[Harold Ballard]] had it removed to construct more seating, stating, "if people want to see pictures of the Queen, they can go to an art gallery."<ref name=puckstruck>{{Citation |url=https://puckstruck.com/2018/04/22/the-winnipeg-arenas-royal-quandary-if-the-queen-herself-walked-in-would-she-know-who-it-was |title=the winnipeg arena's royal quandary: if the queen herself walked in, would she know who it was? |date=22 April 2018 |publisher=Puckstruck |access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref> [[Monarchy in Manitoba#Winnipeg Arena portraits of Queen Elizabeth II|Three large portraits of Elizabeth II]] were created for [[Winnipeg Arena]], on display there from the building's opening in 1955 to 1999.{{Refn|<ref name=puckstruck/><ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/queen-portrait-that-hung-in-old-winnipeg-jets-arena-coming-home-1.2973613 |title=Queen portrait that hung in old Winnipeg Jets arena coming home |date=26 February 2015 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9117521/queen-elizabeth-painting-winnipeg-arena |last=Lambert |first=Steve |title=Plans underway to display massive painting of Queen Elizabeth from old Winnipeg Arena |date=9 September 2022 |publisher=Global News |access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/iconic-portrait-of-queen-elizabeth-ii-on-display-at-winnipeg-mall-1.6071849 |last=Unger |first=Danton |title=Iconic portrait of Queen Elizabeth II on display at Winnipeg mall |date=16 September 2022 |publisher=CTV News |access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref>}}

At the time of [[150th anniversary of Canada|the sesquicentennial of Confederation]] in 2017, [[Vancouver Island]]-based<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.wilsonhoey.com/bio |last=Hoey |first=Timothy |title=Bio |publisher=Timothy Wilson Hoey |access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref> artist [[Timothy Hoey]] created a "Canada 150" version of his decade-long "O Canada" project, painting 150 Canadian icons in [[acrylic paint]] on 20.3 by 25.4 centimetre (eight by 10 inch) boards.<ref name=CBCHoey>{{Citation |url=https://www.cbc.ca/2017/150-paintings-87-days-one-cheezie-loving-queen-1.3896317 |last=Couture |first=Christa |title=150 paintings. 87 days. One Cheezie-loving Queen. |date=12 January 2017 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref><ref name=TC>{{Citation |url=https://www.timescolonist.com/entertainment/one-artist-150-paintings-for-canadas-150th-birthday-4645200 |last=Delvin |first=Mike |title=One artist, 150 paintings for Canada's 150th birthday |date=12 January 2023 |newspaper=Times Colonist |access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref> Among them are numerous depictions of Queen Elizabeth II with other Canadian icons, such as [[beaver]]s, [[Cheezies]], the [[Grey Cup]],<ref name=CBCHoey/> the [[Stanley Cup]],<ref name=TC/> a bottle of beer (''O Canada Liz Enjoying Some Wobbly-Pops''),<ref name=EG>{{Citation |url=https://www.hive-elevationgallery.com/tim-hoey |title=Timothy Wilson Hoey |publisher=Elevation Gallery |access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref> [[Rush (band)|Rush]] (''O Canada [[Closer to the Heart]]''), the [[Hudson's Bay point blanket]],<ref name=EG/> the [[Trans-Canada Highway]], a birch [[canoe]], a [[Buckskin (leather)|buckskin]] jacket, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police uniform, a [[Montreal Canadiens]] [[Hockey jersey|hockey sweater]], and so on.<ref name=CBCHoey/> Hoey had previously painted Elizabeth, in formal attire and tiara, holding a hockey stick in front of a Hudson's Bay point blanket; the work titled ''O-Canada Liz''.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.wilsonhoey.com/o-canada?lightbox=dataItem-iww7e6lm |last=Hoey |first=Timothy |title=O-Canada Liz |publisher=Timothy Wilson Hoey |access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref> In 2021, he depicted the Queen in a decorative hat, uniform of the [[Vancouver Canucks]] from the 1978–1979 season, and full [[goaltender]] equipment.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://puckstruck.com/tag/timothy-wilson-hoey |title=Car ton bras sait porter l'épée |date=3 June 2022 |publisher=PuckStruck |access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref>

The also exist [[wax sculpture]]s of Queen Elizabeth II in private museums, such as the Royal London [[Wax Museum]] in [[Victoria, British Columbia]], and the [[Clifton Hill, Niagara Falls#Wax museums|Wax Museum of History]] in [[Niagara Falls, Ontario]].<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.infoniagara.com/attractions/Attractions-Niagara-USA/Niagara-Wax-Museum-of-History.aspx |title=Niagara's Wax Museum of History |publisher=Info Niagara |access-date=24 March 2023}}</ref>

====Television====
The television series ''[[Rideau Hall (TV series)|Rideau Hall]]'', starring [[Bette MacDonald]], was produced by the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] and aired for one season in 2002. Its premise was a brash, [[one-hit wonder]] [[Disco (music)|disco]] artist being appointed governor general on the advice of a republican prime minister.<ref>{{Citation |last=Atherton |first=Tony |title=Rooting for Rideau Hall: Bette MacDonald stars as a spaced-out boogie mama appointed as head of state |date=11 October 2002 |newspaper=Montreal Gazette}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Comic's parody of Rideau Hall debuts as CBC-TV series |newspaper=Pembroke Observer |date=11 October 2002}}</ref>
{{External media|video1=[https://vimeo.com/748072647 Scott Thompson as The Queen] Source: [[Broadway Video]].}}

Canadian comedian [[Scott Thompson (comedian)|Scott Thompson]] regularly played a parody of Queen Elizabeth II in a Canadian context on the [[sketch comedy]] television show ''[[The Kids in the Hall (TV series)|The Kids in the Hall]]'',<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/queen-elizabeth-scott-thompson-kids-in-the-hall.html |last=Clark |first=Anne Victoria |title=Scott Thompson, the Once (and Future?) Queen |date=9 September 2022 |publisher=Vulture |access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> as well as in other productions, such as ''The Queen's Toast: A Royal Wedding Special''<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5546468 |title=The Queen's Toast: A Royal Wedding Special |publisher=IMDb |access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> and ''[[Conan (talk show)|Conan]]''. Thompson also voiced a portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in Canada in the animated television show ''[[Fugget About It]]'', in the episode "Royally Screwed".<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3173940 |title=Royally Screwed |publisher=IMDb |access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref>

The Canadian monarchy was [[Parody|parodied]] in "[[Royal Pudding]]", the third [[episode]] of the [[South Park (season 15)|15th season]] of the [[Animation|animated]] television show ''[[South Park]]'', which first aired on 11 May 2011.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1913934 |title=Royal Pudding |publisher=IMDb |access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> The opening focuses on a spoof of the [[wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton]],<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.avclub.com/south-park-royal-pudding-1798168242 |last=O'Neil |first=Sean |title=South Park: "Royal Pudding" |date=12 May 2011 |magazine=AV Club |access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/redeye/redeye-south-park-spoofs-royal-wedding-with-royal-pudding-20110509-story.html |last=Wagner |first=Curt |title='South Park' spoofs royal wedding with 'Royal Pudding' |date=9 May 2011 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> featuring caricatures of Queen Elizabeth II; Prince William, Prince of Wales; and Catherine, Princess of Wales. Specific mention is made of "the Queen of Canada" and "the Canadian royal family".<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.planearium.de/downloads/scripts/scripts-1503.htm |title=Episode 1503 - Royal Pudding |publisher=Planetarium |access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> The show subsequently, in the second episode of the [[South Park (season 26)|26th season]], "[[The Worldwide Privacy Tour]]", parodied [[Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex|the Duke]] and [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex|Duchess of Sussex]] as a prince of Canada and "the wife", who, after hostile treatment at the [[Death and state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II|funeral of the late Queen of Canada]], go on national television and a world tour demanding people and the media not pay attention to them and [[Personal branding|branding]] themselves as victims.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2023/02/prince-harry-and-meghan-markle-are-not-suing-south-park |last=Murphy |first=Chris |title=Prince Harry and Meghan Markle Are Not Suing South Park |date=21 February 2023 |magazine=Vanity Fair |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref>