Editing Moiré pattern (section)

===Materials science and condensed matter physics===
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| image1            = Graphene moire on Ir(111) - schematic.svg
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| caption1          = When graphene is grown on the (111) surface of iridium, its long-wavelength height modulation can be thought of as a moiré pattern arising from the superposition of the two mismatched hexagonal lattices.
| image2            = Moire of twisted bilayer graphene.svg
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| caption2          = Moiré pattern arising from the superposition of two graphene lattices twisted by 4°
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In condensed matter physics, the moiré phenomenon is commonly discussed for [[two-dimensional materials]]. The effect occurs when there is mismatch between the lattice parameter or angle of the 2D layer and that of the underlying substrate,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> or another 2D layer, such as in 2D material heterostructures.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> The phenomenon is exploited as a means of engineering the electronic structure or optical properties of materials,<ref name="LiuWeiss2016">{{cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Yuan|last2=Weiss|first2=Nathan O.|last3=Duan|first3=Xidong|last4=Cheng|first4=Hung-Chieh|last5=Huang|first5=Yu|last6=Duan|first6=Xiangfeng|title=Van der Waals heterostructures and devices|journal=Nature Reviews Materials|volume=1|issue=9|pages=16042|year=2016|issn=2058-8437|doi=10.1038/natrevmats.2016.42|bibcode=2016NatRM...116042L}}</ref> which some call moiré materials. The often significant changes in electronic properties when twisting two atomic layers and the prospect of electronic applications has led to the name [[twistronics]] of this field. A prominent example is in twisted bi-layer [[graphene]], which forms a moiré pattern and at a particular ''magic angle'' exhibits superconductivity and other important electronic properties.<ref>[https://physics.aps.org/articles/v12/12 APS Physics - Trend: Bilayer Graphene's Wicked, Twisted Road]</ref>

In [[materials science]], known examples exhibiting moiré contrast are [[thin film]]s<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Yin|first1=Xi|last2=Liu|first2=Xinhong|last3=Pan|first3=Yung-Tin|last4=Walsh|first4=Kathleen A.|last5=Yang|first5=Hong|date=10 December 2014|title=Hanoi Tower-like Multilayered Ultrathin Palladium Nanosheets|journal=Nano Letters|volume=14|issue=12|pages=7188–7194|bibcode=2014NanoL..14.7188Y|doi=10.1021/nl503879a|pmid=25369350}}</ref> or [[nanoparticle]]s of MX-type (M = Ti, Nb; X = C, N) overlapping with austenitic matrix. Both phases, MX and the matrix, have face-centered cubic crystal structure and cube-on-cube orientation relationship. However, they have significant lattice misfit of about 20 to 24% (based on the chemical composition of alloy), which produces a moiré effect.<ref name=":1" />{{Clear}}