Editing Minimum wage (section)

==Surveys of economists==
There used to be agreement among economists that the minimum wage adversely affected employment, but that consensus shifted in the early 1990s due to new research findings. According to one 2021 assessment, "there is no consensus on the employment effects of the minimum wage."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Manning|first=Alan|date=2021|title=The elusive employment effect of the minimum wage|url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/107415/1/manning_edit_revision.pdf | journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|volume=35|issue=1 |pages=3–26|doi=10.1257/jep.35.1.3|s2cid=156644487|issn=0895-3309|via=}}</ref>

According to a 1978 article in the ''[[American Economic Review]]'', 90% of the economists surveyed agreed that the minimum wage increases unemployment among low-skilled workers.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=J. R. |last1=Kearl |first2=Clayne L. |last2=Pope |first3=Gordon C. |last3=Whiting |first4=Larry T. |last4=Wimmer |date=May 1979 |title=A Confusion of Economists? |journal=The American Economic Review |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=28–37 |jstor=1801612}}</ref> By 1992 the survey found 79% of economists in agreement with that statement,<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Richard M. |last1=Alston |first2=J. R. |last2=Kearl |first3=Michael B. |last3=Vaughan |date=May 1992 |title=Is There a Consensus Among Economists in 1990s? |journal=The American Economic Review |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=203–09 |jstor=2117401}}</ref> and by 2000, 46% were in full agreement with the statement and 28% agreed with provisos (74% total).<ref>survey by Dan Fuller and Doris Geide-Stevenson using a sample of 308 economists surveyed by the [[American Economic Association]]</ref><ref name="Hall">{{cite book|last=Hall|first=Robert Ernest|title=Economics: Principles and Applications|publisher=Centage Learning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RdkFAAAAQBAJ&q=2000+survey+members+of+the+American+Economic+Association+agreed+that+minimum+wages+increase+unemployment+among+young+and+unskilled+workers&pg=PA384|isbn=978-1111798208|year=2007}}</ref> The authors of the 2000 study also reweighted data from a 1990 sample to show that at that time 62% of academic economists agreed with the statement above, while 20% agreed with provisos and 18% disagreed. They state that the reduction on consensus on this question is "likely" due to the Card and Krueger research and subsequent debate.<ref name="Fuller">{{cite journal |last1=Fuller |first1=Dan |last2=Geide-Stevenson |first2=Doris |year=2003 |title=Consensus Among Economists: Revisited |journal=Journal of Economic Education |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=369–87 |doi=10.1080/00220480309595230|s2cid=143617926 }}</ref>

A similar survey in 2006 by Robert Whaples polled PhD members of the [[American Economic Association]] (AEA). Whaples found that 47% respondents wanted the minimum wage eliminated, 38% supported an increase, 14% wanted it kept at the current level, and 1% wanted it decreased.<ref name="Whaples 2006">{{cite journal |doi=10.2202/1553-3832.1156 |title=Do Economists Agree on Anything? Yes! |year=2006 |last1=Whaples |first1=Robert |journal=The Economists' Voice |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=1–6|s2cid=201123406 }}</ref> Another survey in 2007 conducted by the University of New Hampshire Survey Center found that 73% of labor economists surveyed in the United States believed 150% of the then-current minimum wage would result in employment losses and 68% believed a mandated minimum wage would cause an increase in hiring of workers with greater skills. 31% felt that no hiring changes would result.<ref>{{cite report |last1=Fowler |first1=Tracy A. |last2=Smith |first2=Andrew E. |title=2007 EPI Minimum Wage Survey of Labor Economists |url=http://epionline.org/studies/epi_minimumwage_07-2007.pdf |access-date=16 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071108090912/http://www.epionline.org/studies/epi_minimumwage_07-2007.pdf |archive-date=8 November 2007 |publisher=The University of New Hampshire Survey Center}}</ref>

Surveys of labor economists have found a sharp split on the minimum wage. Fuchs et al. (1998) polled labor economists at the top 40 research universities in the United States on a variety of questions in the summer of 1996. Their 65 respondents were nearly evenly divided when asked if the minimum wage should be increased. They argued that the different policy views were not related to views on whether raising the minimum wage would reduce teen employment (the median economist said there would be a reduction of 1%), but on value differences such as income redistribution.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Victor R. |last1=Fuchs |first2=Alan B. |last2=Krueger |first3=James M. |last3=Poterba |date=September 1998 |title=Economists' Views about Parameters, Values, and Policies: Survey Results in Labor and Public Economics |journal=Journal of Economic Literature |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=1387–425 |jstor=2564804}}</ref> [[Daniel B. Klein]] and Stewart Dompe conclude, on the basis of previous surveys, "the average level of support for the minimum wage is somewhat higher among labor economists than among AEA members."<ref name="Klein & Dompe 2007">{{cite journal |last1=Klein |first1=Daniel |first2=Stewart |last2=Dompe |title=Reasons for Supporting the Minimum Wage: Asking Signatories of the 'Raise the Minimum Wage' Statement |date=January 2007 |journal=Economics in Practice |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=125–67 |url=http://econjwatch.org/articles/reasons-for-supporting-the-minimum-wage-asking-signatories-of-the-raise-the-minimum-wage-statement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213221725/http://econjwatch.org/articles/reasons-for-supporting-the-minimum-wage-asking-signatories-of-the-raise-the-minimum-wage-statement |archive-date=13 December 2011 }}</ref>

In 2007, Klein and Dompe conducted a non-anonymous survey of supporters of the minimum wage who had signed the "Raise the Minimum Wage" statement published by the [[Economic Policy Institute]]. 95 of the 605 signatories responded. They found that a majority signed on the grounds that it transferred income from employers to workers, or equalized bargaining power between them in the labor market. In addition, a majority considered disemployment to be a moderate potential drawback to the increase they supported.<ref name="Klein & Dompe 2007" />

In 2013, a diverse group of 37 economics professors was surveyed on their view of the minimum wage's impact on employment. 34% of respondents agreed with the statement, "Raising the federal minimum wage to $9 per hour would make it noticeably harder for low-skilled workers to find employment." 32% disagreed and the remaining respondents were uncertain or had no opinion on the question. 47% agreed with the statement, "The distortionary costs of raising the federal minimum wage to $9 per hour and indexing it to inflation are sufficiently small compared with the benefits to low-skilled workers who can find employment that this would be a desirable policy", while 11% disagreed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.igmchicago.org/igm-economic-experts-panel/poll-results?SurveyID=SV_br0IEq5a9E77NMV |title=Minimum Wage |publisher=[[IGM Forum]] |date=26 February 2013 |access-date=6 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821030142/http://www.igmchicago.org/igm-economic-experts-panel/poll-results?SurveyID=SV_br0IEq5a9E77NMV |archive-date=21 August 2013 }}</ref>