Editing Materialism (section)

====Quantum mechanics====
Some 20th-century physicists (e.g., [[Eugene Wigner]]<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFboCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA252 |title = Philosophical Reflections and Syntheses|isbn = 9783642783746|last1 = Wigner|first1 = Eugene Paul|date = 6 December 2012| publisher=Springer }}</ref> and [[Henry Stapp]]),<ref>[[Henry Stapp|Stapp, Henry]]. "Quantum interactive dualism - an alternative to materialism." ''[[Journal of Consciousness Studies]]''</ref> and some modern physicists and science writers (e.g., [[Stephen Barr]],<ref>{{cite web|author=John Farrell |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnfarrell/2017/01/29/a-physicist-talks-god-and-the-quantum/ |title=A Physicist Talks God And The Quantum |work=Forbes.com |date= |accessdate=2022-03-17}}</ref> [[Paul Davies]], and [[John Gribbin]]) have argued that materialism is flawed due to certain recent findings in physics, such as [[quantum mechanics]] and [[chaos theory]]. According to Gribbin and Davies (1991):

{{blockquote|text=Then came our Quantum theory, which totally transformed our image of matter. The old assumption that the microscopic world of atoms was simply a scaled-down version of the everyday world had to be abandoned. Newton's deterministic machine was replaced by a shadowy and paradoxical conjunction of waves and particles, governed by the laws of chance, rather than the rigid rules of causality. An extension of the quantum theory goes beyond even this; it paints a picture in which solid matter dissolves away, to be replaced by weird excitations and vibrations of invisible field energy.

Quantum physics undermines materialism because it reveals that matter has far less "substance" than we might believe. But another development goes even further by demolishing Newton's image of matter as inert lumps. This development is the theory of chaos, which has recently gained widespread attention.|author=Paul Davies and John Gribbin|title=''The Matter Myth''|source=Chapter 1: "The Death of Materialism"}}