Editing Lynching (section)

====India====
{{See also|Caste-related violence in India}}
[[File:July 2018 map of Indian Whatsapp lychings.jpg|thumb|190px|Indian WhatsApp lynchings in 2017–18]]

In [[India]], lynchings may reflect internal tensions between ethnic communities. Communities sometimes lynch individuals who are accused or suspected of committing crimes. Sociologists and social scientists reject attributing racial discrimination to the caste system and attributed such events to intra-racial ethno-cultural conflicts.<ref>{{cite web|author-link=Andre Béteille|first=Andre|last=Béteille|quote=treating caste as a form of racism is politically mischievous and worse, scientifically nonsense since there is no discernible difference in the racial characteristics between Brahmins and Scheduled Castes|url=http://wcar.alrc.net/mainfile2.php/For+the+negative/14/|title=Race and caste|publisher=World Conference Against Racism}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Silverberg, James
|date=November 1969|title=Social Mobility in the Caste System in India: An Interdisciplinary Symposium
|journal = The American Journal of Sociology|volume = 75|issue = 3|pages = 443–444|jstor=2775721|quote=The perception of the caste system as a static and textual stratification has given way to the perception of the caste system as a more processual, empirical and contextual stratification.}}</ref>

There have been numerous lynchings in relation to [[cow vigilante violence in India]] since 2014,<ref>{{cite news|title=Cowboys and Indians; Protecting India's cows|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21705374-udderworldly-debate-cowboys-and-indians|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=August 16, 2016}}</ref> mainly involving Hindu mobs lynching [[Indian Muslims]].<ref name=biswas_bbc_7_10_17>{{cite news|last=Biswas|first=Soutik|title=Why stopping India's vigilante killings will not be easy|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-40505719|work=BBC News|date=July 10, 2017|quote=Last month Prime Minister Narendra Modi said murder in the name of cow protection is "not acceptable." ... The recent spate of lynchings in India have disturbed many. Muslim men have been murdered by Hindu mobs, ... for allegedly storing beef.}}</ref><ref name=kumar_time_6_29_17>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Nikhil|title=India's Modi Speaks Out Against Cow Vigilantes After 'Beef Lynchings' Spark Nationwide Protests|url=https://time.com/4838566/india-beef-lynching-attacks-muslims/|magazine=Time|date=June 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name="HRW1">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/04/27/india-cow-protection-spurs-vigilante-violence|title=India: 'Cow Protection' Spurs Vigilante Violence|date=April 27, 2017|website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><ref name=Chatterji>{{cite news|last=Chatterji|first=Saubhadra|date=May 30, 2017|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-the-name-of-cow-lynching-thrashing-condemnation-in-three-years-of-bjp-rule/story-vMRGhgagVaJG6l9bh884kM.html|title=In the name of cow: Lynching, thrashing, condemnation in three years of BJP rule|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=June 29, 2017}}</ref> Some notable examples of such attacks include the [[2015 Dadri mob lynching]],<ref name=AlJ-Rumors>{{cite news|title=Indian mob kills man over beef eating rumour|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/09/indian-mob-kills-man-cow-slaughter-rumour-150930193719666.html|access-date=October 4, 2015|work=[[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]]|date=October 1, 2015}}</ref> the [[2016 Jharkhand mob lynching]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Muslim Cattle Traders Beaten To Death In Ranchi, Bodies Found Hanging From A Tree|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/03/19/cattle-traders-killed-ranchi_n_9504182.html|work=Huffington Post India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Another Dadri-like incident? Two Muslims herding cattle killed in Jharkhand; five held|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/jharkhand/another-dadri-like-incident-two-muslims-herding-cattle-killed-in-jharkhand_1867361.html|work=Zee News|date=March 19, 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=5 held in Jharkhand killings, section 144 imposed in the area|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/5-held-in-jharkhand-killings-section-144-imposed-in-the-area-1218536.html|work=News18|date=March 19, 2016|archive-date=April 8, 2016|access-date=July 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408070702/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/5-held-in-jharkhand-killings-section-144-imposed-in-the-area-1218536.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[2017 Alwar mob lynching]].<ref name=nytimes>{{cite news|last1=Raj|first1=Suhasini|title=Hindu Cow Vigilantes in Rajasthan, India, Beat Muslim to Death|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/05/world/asia/india-cow-mob-hindu-vigilantes.html|work=The New York Times|date=April 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Beaten to death for being a dairy farmer|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-39511556|work=BBC News|date=April 8, 2017}}</ref> and the [[2019 Jharkhand mob lynching]]. Mob lynching was reported for the third time in [[Alwar]] in July 2018, when a group of cow vigilantes killed a 31-year-old Muslim man named Rakbar Khan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cow-vigilantes-strike-in-alwar-again-kill-youth/articleshow/65086684.cms|title=Cow vigilantes strike in Alwar again, kill youth - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref>

In 2006, four members of a [[Dalit]] family were slaughtered by [[Kunbi]] caste members in [[khairlanji]], a village in the [[Bhandara district]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2021 |title=Khairlanji episode: Caste divide cemented by brutality from 15 years ago |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/khairlanji-episode-caste-divide-cemented-by-brutality-from-15-years-ago-101631727662814.html |access-date=May 11, 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[2015 Dimapur mob lynching]], a mob in [[Dimapur]], [[Nagaland]], broke into a jail and lynched an accused [[Rape|rapist]] on March 5, 2015, while he was awaiting trial.<ref name=Dragged>{{cite news|title=Rape accused dragged out of jail, lynched in Nagaland|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rape-accused-dragged-out-of-jail-lynched-in-Nagaland/articleshow/46471326.cms|access-date=March 7, 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=March 5, 2015}}</ref>

Since May 2017, when seven people were lynched in [[Jharkhand]], India has experienced another spate of mob-related violence and killings known as the [[Indian WhatsApp lynchings]] following the spread of fake news, primarily relating to child-abduction and organ harvesting, via the [[WhatsApp]] message service.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-44709103|title=Who can stop India WhatsApp lynchings?|date=July 5, 2018|work=BBC}}</ref><!-- Needs more about ID -->

In 2018 Junior civil aviation minister of India had garlanded and honored eight men who had been convicted in the lynching of trader Alimuddin Ansari in Ramgarh in June 2017 in a case of alleged cow vigilantism.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/union-minister-garlands-lynchers-says-honouring-the-due-process-of-law/articleshow/64902269.cms "Union minister garlands lynchers, says 'honouring the due process of law'], "The Times of India"</ref>

In June 2019, the Jharkhand mob lynching triggered widespread protests. The victim was a Muslim man named [[Tabrez Ansari lynching|Tabrez Ansari]] and was forced to chant Hindu slogans, including "''[[Jai Shri Ram]]''".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/25/world/asia/india-hindu-muslim-beating.html|title=Forced to Chant Hindu Slogans, Muslim Man Is Beaten to Death in India|last1=Raj|first1=Suhasini|date=June 25, 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 4, 2020|last2=Nordland|first2=Rod|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48882053|title=The Hindu chant that became a murder cry|date=July 10, 2019|work=BBC News|access-date=February 4, 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref>

In July 2019, three men were beaten to death and lynched by mobs in [[Chhapra]] district of [[Bihar]], on a minor case of theft of cattle.<ref>[https://thewire.in/rights/bihar-three-men-lynched Bihar three men lynched], The Wire, July 20, 2019</ref>

Also in 2019, villagers in Jharkhand lynched four people on witchcraft suspicion, after [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]] decided that they were practicing black magic.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jharkhand-lynching-4-killed-on-witchcraft-suspicion-1571830-2019-07-21 4 killed on witchcraft suspicion], [[India Today]], July 21, 2019</ref>

In September 2024, in Hayarna, five men were members of a cow vigilante group that murdered 24-year-old Sabir Malik from West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/ground-reports/lynched-muslim-man-told-fellow-migrants-people-in-haryana-are-nicer-than-in-delhi/2248718/|title=Lynched Muslim man told fellow migrants people in Haryana are nicer than in Delhi|date=September 2, 2024 |publisher=the print}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2024/Sep/01/five-cow-vigilantes-held-for-lynching-migrant-worker|title=Five cow vigilantes held for lynching migrant worker|date=September 2024 |publisher=Indian Express}}</ref>