Editing Lithuania (section)

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Lithuania}}
{{see also|List of companies of Lithuania}}
[[File:GDP per capita Baltics.svg|thumb|right|Real GDP per capita development of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania]]
[[File:Lithuanian counties by GDP per capita, 2022.png|thumb|Lithuanian counties by GDP per capita, 2022<ref name="Counties"/>]]
[[File:Lithuania's GDP per capita compared to rest of the world (2020).png|thumb|Comparison of Lithuania's GDP per capita to rest of the world where countries with higher GDP per capita are marked in red (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|website=IMF}}</ref>]]
Lithuania has an open and [[mixed economy]] that is classified as a [[high-income economy]] by the [[World Bank]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111190936/https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519|archive-date=11 January 2018|title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk|date=11 January 2018|website=Datahelpdesk.worldbank.org}}</ref> {{As of|2017}} the three largest sectors were – services (63% of GDP), industry (24%) and agriculture (3%).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/|title=GDP – composition, by sector of origin|access-date=15 April 2025}}</ref> Lithuania joined [[NATO]] in 2004,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nato.int/invitees2004/lithuania/chronology.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111192030/https://www.nato.int/invitees2004/lithuania/chronology.htm|archive-date=11 January 2018|title=7 Invitees – Lithuania|date=11 January 2018|website=Nato.int}}</ref> EU in 2004,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/countries/member-countries_en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111191856/https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/countries/member-countries_en|archive-date=11 January 2018|title=EUROPA – EU member countries in brief – European Union|date=11 January 2018|website=Europa.eu}}</ref> [[Schengen Area|Schengen]] in 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=https://il.mfa.lt/il/en/travel-and-residence/coming-to-lithuania/lithuania-in-the-schengen-area|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111191923/https://il.mfa.lt/il/en/travel-and-residence/coming-to-lithuania/lithuania-in-the-schengen-area|archive-date=11 January 2018|title=Lithuania in the Schengen area – Coming to Lithuania – Travel and Residence – Ministry of Foreign Affairs|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> and [[OECD]] in 2018.<ref name="Lithuania's accession to the OECD"/> On 1 January 2015, the euro became the national currency, replacing [[litas]], which had been in circulation since 1993.<ref name=iso4217news2014>{{cite web | url=http://www.currency-iso.org/dam/downloads/dl_currency_iso_amendment_159.docx | title=ISO Currency – ISO 4217 Amendment Number 159 | publisher=SIX Interbank Clearing | work=Currency Code Services – ISO 4217 Maintenance Agency | date=15 August 2014 | access-date=23 June 2016 | archive-date=30 April 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430211020/https://www.currency-iso.org/dam/downloads/dl_currency_iso_amendment_159.docx | url-status=live}}</ref>

Mineral products comprised the largest share of exports (14%) in 2024; other major sectors include machinery and appliances, electrical equipment (14%), chemical products (11%), food, beverages and tobacco products (9%). The largest markets for Lithuanian exports were Latvia (12%), Poland (10%), Germany (9%), Netherlands (7%), Estonia (6%), USA (5%), Sweden (4%) and the UK (4%).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en_GB/informaciniai-pranesimai?articleId=13209829|title=International trade in goods in December 2024|access-date=15 April 2025}}</ref> Exports equaled 88% of GDP in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/country/LTU/startyear/LTST/endyear/LTST/indicator/NE-EXP-GNFS-ZS|title=Lithuania Exports of goods and services % of GDP|access-date=9 May 2025}}</ref>

GDP experienced very high real growth rates for the decade up to 2009, peaking at 11% in 2007. As a result, the country was often termed a [[Baltic Tiger]]. However, in 2009 due to the [[2008 financial crisis]], GDP contracted 15%<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seb.lt/sites/default/files/web/document/lietuvos_ekonomikos_apzvalga_LMR/lmr58_0.pdf |title=Lithuanian Macroeconomic Review No 58 |publisher=SEB |date=December 2014 |access-date=22 May 2015 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308134859/https://www.seb.lt/sites/default/files/web/document/lietuvos_ekonomikos_apzvalga_LMR/lmr58_0.pdf}}</ref> and unemployment rate reached 17.8% in 2010.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.seb.lt/documents/660/662 | title="Lietuvos makroekonomikos apžvalga" nr. 62 | publisher=SEB | date=April 2014 | access-date=7 September 2016 | archive-date=3 July 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703115931/https://www.seb.lt/documents/660/662}}</ref> Growth has since been much slower. According to the IMF, financial conditions are conducive to growth and financial soundness indicators remain strong. The public debt ratio in 2016 was 40% of GDP, it had been 15% in 2008.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/CR/2017/cr17177.ashx | title=REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA. 2017 ARTICLE IV CONSULTATION—PRESS RELEASE AND STAFF REPORT | publisher=IMF | format=PDF | page=4 | access-date=28 March 2018 | archive-date=12 March 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312130212/https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/CR/2017/cr17177.ashx | url-status=live}}</ref>

On average, more than 95% of all [[foreign direct investment]] comes from EU countries. Sweden is historically the largest investor with 20% – 30% of FDI.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lb.lt/lt/tiesiogines-uzsienio-investicijos-lietuvoje-pagal-sali-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109194528/https://www.lb.lt/lt/tiesiogines-uzsienio-investicijos-lietuvoje-pagal-sali-1|archive-date=9 January 2018|title=Tiesioginės užsienio investicijos Lietuvoje pagal šalį – Lietuvos bankas|date=9 January 2018}}</ref> FDI into Lithuania spiked in 2017, reaching its highest ever recorded number of greenfield investment projects. In 2017, Lithuania was third, after [[Ireland]] and [[Singapore]] by the average job value of investment projects.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dencik |first1=Jacob |last2=Spee |first2=Roel |title=Global Location Trends – 2018 Annual Report: Getting ready for Globalization 4.0 |url=https://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/93/en/93017793usen/93017793usen-00_93017793USEN.pdf |publisher=IBM Institute for Business Value |page=7 |date=July 2018 |quote=Ireland continues to lead the world for attracting high-value investment, generating substantial inward investment with strengths in key high-value sectors such as ICT, financial and business services and life sciences. But Singapore is now a close second, with Lithuania and Switzerland right behind. |access-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410223308/https://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/93/en/93017793usen/93017793usen-00_93017793USEN.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2019}}</ref>
The US was the leading source country in 2017, 25% of total FDI. Next up were Germany and the UK, each representing 11% of total project numbers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fdiintelligence.com/Trend-Tracker/Lithuania-FDI-skyrockets-in-2017|title=Lithuania FDI skyrockets in 2017|date=20 February 2018 |access-date=21 March 2018|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308233716/https://www.fdiintelligence.com/Trend-Tracker/Lithuania-FDI-skyrockets-in-2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Based on the Eurostat's data, in 2017, the value of exports recorded the most rapid growth not only in the Baltic countries, but across Europe, which was 17%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lithuanian exports which grew most across Europe last year will beat value records this year |url=https://www.verslilietuva.lt/en/news/lithuanian-exports-grew-across-europe-last-year-will-beat-value-records-year/ |website=www.verslilietuva.lt |access-date=24 November 2018 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180625/https://www.verslilietuva.lt/en/news/lithuanian-exports-grew-across-europe-last-year-will-beat-value-records-year/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Between 2004 and 2016, one out of five Lithuanians emigrated, primarily due to insufficient income for residents;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/ieskodami-darbuotoju-jau-verciasi-per-galva-net-tokiomis-algomis-nepavyksta-sugundyti.d?id=77973215|title=Ieškodami darbuotojų jau verčiasi per galvą: net tokiomis algomis nepavyksta sugundyti|language=lt|website=delfi.lt|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703110800/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/ieskodami-darbuotoju-jau-verciasi-per-galva-net-tokiomis-algomis-nepavyksta-sugundyti.d?id=77973215|url-status=live}}</ref> secondarily seeking to study. Long term emigration and economic growth has resulted in a shortage in the labor market<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.delfi.lt/verslas/verslas/emigracija-smogia-negailestingai-lietuvoje-vis-labiau-truksta-darbuotoju.d?id=75467805|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111194908/https://www.delfi.lt/verslas/verslas/emigracija-smogia-negailestingai-lietuvoje-vis-labiau-truksta-darbuotoju.d?id=75467805|archive-date=11 January 2018|title=Emigracija smogia negailestingai: Lietuvoje vis labiau trūksta darbuotojų – DELFI Verslas|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> and growth in salaries being larger than growth in labor efficiency.<ref name="archive org 11">{{cite web|url=https://verslas.lrytas.lt/izvalgos-ir-nuomones/2017/06/13/news/ekspertai-ispeja-virs-lietuvos-ekonomikos-kaupiasi-debesys-1665764/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111195018/https://verslas.lrytas.lt/izvalgos-ir-nuomones/2017/06/13/news/ekspertai-ispeja-virs-lietuvos-ekonomikos-kaupiasi-debesys-1665764/|archive-date=11 January 2018|title=Ekonomistai įspėja: virš Lietuvos kaupiasi debesys|work=lrytas.lt |date=11 January 2018}}</ref> Unemployment in 2017 was 8%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuania: Unemployment rate from 2007 to 2017|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/375259/unemployment-rate-in-lithuania/|website=Statista.com|access-date=7 April 2018|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222449/https://www.statista.com/statistics/375259/unemployment-rate-in-lithuania/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of 2022, Lithuanian [[median]] wealth per adult was [[USD|$]]32,000 ([[mean]] was $70,000), while total national wealth was $147bn.<ref name=CS2023-1>{{Cite web|title = UBS Global Wealth Databook 2023|url = https://www.ubs.com/global/en/family-office-uhnw/reports/global-wealth-report-2023/_jcr_content/mainpar/toplevelgrid_5684475/col2/linklistnewlook/link_copy.0357374027.file/PS9jb250ZW50L2RhbS9hc3NldHMvd20vZ2xvYmFsL2ltZy9nbG9iYWwtZmFtaWx5LW9mZmljZS9kb2NzL2RhdGFib29rLWdsb2JhbC13ZWFsdGgtcmVwb3J0LTIwMjMtZW4ucGRm/databook-global-wealth-report-2023-en.pdf|publisher = [[UBS]]|access-date = 30 September 2023|archive-date = 27 September 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230927130459/https://www.ubs.com/global/en/family-office-uhnw/reports/global-wealth-report-2023/_jcr_content/mainpar/toplevelgrid_5684475/col2/linklistnewlook/link_copy.0357374027.file/PS9jb250ZW50L2RhbS9hc3NldHMvd20vZ2xvYmFsL2ltZy9nbG9iYWwtZmFtaWx5LW9mZmljZS9kb2NzL2RhdGFib29rLWdsb2JhbC13ZWFsdGgtcmVwb3J0LTIwMjMtZW4ucGRm/databook-global-wealth-report-2023-en.pdf|url-status = dead}} See table 3-1 for all countries, on pages 119-122, for mean and median wealth, [[Gini coefficient]], distribution of adults (%) by wealth range, and number of adults. All of that info (except the Gini coefficient) is also in table 2-2 on pages 109-112. See the end of table 2-2 on page 112 for regional numbers. Page 4 mentions "46 countries lacking sufficient suitable data for wealth estimation". Pages 20-24 (table 2-1) then feature estimates for [[GDP]] per adult for said countries, with wealth data quality characterized as "n.a." (not available).</ref> As of 2023 Q2, the average monthly gross salary in Lithuania was €2,000.<ref name="https://osp.stat.gov.lt">{{Cite web|url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/informaciniai-pranesimai?eventId=292505|title=Darbo užmokestis šalyje|website=osp.stat.gov.lt|access-date=25 August 2023|archive-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825101342/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/informaciniai-pranesimai?eventId=292505|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lithuania has a [[flat tax]] rather than a [[Progressive tax|progressive scheme]]. The personal income tax (15%) and corporate tax (15%) rates are among the lowest in the EU.<ref name="epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu">{{cite web | url=http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/gen_info/economic_analysis/tax_structures/2014/report.pdf | title=Taxation trends in the European Union | publisher=Eurostat | date=2014 | access-date=22 May 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509130331/http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/gen_info/economic_analysis/tax_structures/2014/report.pdf | archive-date=9 May 2015}}</ref> The country has the lowest implicit rate of tax on capital (9.8%) in the EU. The corporate tax rate is 15% and 5% for small businesses; 7 [[free economic zone]]s operate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pramoniniai parkai ir LEZ|url=https://ukmin.lrv.lt/lt/veiklos-sritys/investiciju-veiklos-sritis/pramoniniai-parkai-ir-lez|website=ukmin.lrv.lt|access-date=24 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424071555/https://ukmin.lrv.lt/lt/veiklos-sritys/investiciju-veiklos-sritis/pramoniniai-parkai-ir-lez|archive-date=24 April 2018}}</ref>

[[Information technology]] production is growing, reaching €2 billion in 2016.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Samuolis|first1=Gediminas|title=Informacinės technologijos Lietuvoje|date=2017|publisher=Lietuvos statistikos departamentas|location=Vilnius|page=8|url=https://ivpk.lrv.lt/uploads/ivpk/documents/files/Naujienos/IT%20Lietuvoje%202017.pdf|access-date=16 January 2018|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308150136/https://ivpk.lrv.lt/uploads/ivpk/documents/files/Naujienos/IT%20Lietuvoje%202017.pdf}}</ref> In 2017 only, 35<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuania Registered 35 New Fintech Companies in 2017|url=https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2018/02/128160-lithuania-registered-35-new-fintech-companies-2017|website=Crowdfundinsider.com|date=8 February 2018|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-date=8 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208172543/https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2018/02/128160-lithuania-registered-35-new-fintech-companies-2017/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[FinTech]] companies came to Lithuania – a result of the government and Bank of Lithuania simplifying procedures.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuanian Institutions Enhance Focus on New Financial Technologies and Fintech Sector Development in Lithuania|url=https://finmin.lrv.lt/en/news/lithuanian-institutions-enhance-focus-on-new-financial-technologies-and-fintech-sector-development-in-lithuania|website=finmin.lrv.lt|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-date=14 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714164452/https://finmin.lrv.lt/en/news/lithuanian-institutions-enhance-focus-on-new-financial-technologies-and-fintech-sector-development-in-lithuania}}</ref> Lithuania has granted a total of 39 e-money licenses, second in the EU only to the UK with 128 licenses. In 2018 [[Google]] set up a payment company in Lithuania.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Milda Šeputytė |author2=Jeremy Kahn |title=Google Payment Expands With E-Money License From Lithuania |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-21/google-payment-expands-with-e-money-license-from-lithuania |website=www.bloomberg.com |publisher=Bloomberg |quote=Google Payment, a company owned by Alphabet Inc., obtained an e-money license in Lithuania, joining a growing number of fintech firms that have secured permission from the Baltic nation to offer financial services across the European Union. |access-date=22 December 2018 |date=21 December 2018 |archive-date=30 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930201924/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-21/google-payment-expands-with-e-money-license-from-lithuania |url-status=live}}</ref> Europe's first international Blockchain Centre launched in Vilnius in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kostaki |first1=Irene |date=31 January 2018 |title=Lithuania debuts as EU gateway for global blockchain industry |url=https://www.neweurope.eu/article/lithuania-debuts-eu-gateway-global-blockchain-industry/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703110944/https://www.neweurope.eu/article/lithuania-debuts-eu-gateway-global-blockchain-industry/ |archive-date=3 July 2021 |access-date=14 July 2018 |website=Neweurope.eu |quote=The Lithuanian capital Vilnius launched Europe's first international Blockchain Centre on January 27, making it the EU's only hub for the digital ledger. The new hub will help Europe connect with partner Blockchain Centres in Australia, China, Canada, the UK, Belgium, Denmark, Georgia, Gibraltar, Ukraine, Israel, and Latvia.}}</ref> Since 2021, Lithuania has issued hundreds of licenses for cryptocurrency exchange and storage operations, making it one of the leading countries in the EU in this sector.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crypto license in Lithuania - Cryptocurrency license |url=https://adamsmith.lt/en/finance-and-blockchain/cryptocurrency-license-in-lithuania/ |access-date=7 November 2024 |website=AdamSmith}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
{{Main|Agriculture in Lithuania}}
Agriculture in Lithuania dates to the [[Neolithic]] period, about 3,000 to 1,000 [[Before Christ|BC]]. It has been one of Lithuania's most important occupations for many centuries.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jurginis|first1=J.|title=Arimo įrankių reikšmė žemdirbystės sistemoms|url=http://lad.lt/data/com_ladlibrary/988/156-163.pdf|website=lad.lt|access-date=14 April 2018|archive-date=4 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304164424/http://lad.lt/data/com_ladlibrary/988/156-163.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Lithuania's accession to the [[European Union]] in 2004 ushered in a new agricultural era. The EU pursues a very high standard of food safety and purity. In 1999, the [[Seimas]] (parliament) of Lithuania adopted a Law on Product Safety, and in 2000 it adopted a Law on Food.<ref>{{cite web|title=Law on Product Safety|url=https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/f9a7f340736a11e6a0f68fd135e6f40c?jfwid=-brx0ubedz|website=e-seimas.lrs.lt|access-date=14 April 2018|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222321/https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/f9a7f340736a11e6a0f68fd135e6f40c?jfwid=-brx0ubedz|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Law on Food|url=https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/74505e2018da11e6aa14e8b63147ee94?jfwid=rivwzvpvg|website=e-seimas.lrs.lt|access-date=14 April 2018|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222225/https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/74505e2018da11e6aa14e8b63147ee94?jfwid=rivwzvpvg|url-status=live}}</ref> The reform of the agricultural market has been carried out on the basis of these two laws.

In 2016, agricultural production was €2.3 billion. [[Cereal crops]] occupied the largest part (5710 tons), other significant types include: [[sugar beet]] (934 tons), [[rapeseed]] (393 tons) and [[potato]]es (340 tons). Products totaling €4,385 million were exported to foreign markets, of which products for €3,165 million were of Lithuanian origin. Export of agricultural and food products accounted for 19% of all exports of goods.<ref>{{cite web|title=Žemės ir maisto ūkio 2016 metų apžvalga|url=https://zum.lrv.lt/uploads/zum/documents/files/LT_versija/Veiklos_sritys/Statistin%C4%97%20informacija/%C5%BDem%C4%97s%20ir%20maisto%20%C5%ABkio%202016%20met%C5%B3%20ap%C5%BEvalga%20(03).pdf|website=zum.lrv.lt|pages=1–3|access-date=14 April 2018|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222205/https://zum.lrv.lt/uploads/zum/documents/files/LT_versija/Veiklos_sritys/Statistin%C4%97%20informacija/%C5%BDem%C4%97s%20ir%20maisto%20%C5%ABkio%202016%20met%C5%B3%20ap%C5%BEvalga%20(03).pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Organic farming]] is becoming more popular. The status of organic growers and producers is granted by the public body ''Ekoagros''. In 2016, there were 2539 such farms that occupied 225,542 hectares. Of these, 43% were cereals, 31% perennial grasses, 14% leguminous crops and 12% others.<ref>{{cite web|title=Veiklos ataskaita, 2016 m.|url=https://www.ekoagros.lt/media/1/2016-m-veiklos-ataskaita.pdf|website=ekoagros.lt|pages=1–4|access-date=15 April 2018|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623222140/https://www.ekoagros.lt/media/1/2016-m-veiklos-ataskaita.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Science and technology===
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The foundation of the [[University of Vilnius]] in 1579 was a major factor in fostering a scientific and academic community within Lithuania. The university has welcomed such prominent scientists and thinkers as [[Georg Forster]], [[Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert]], [[Johann Peter Frank]]. The 17th century artillery expert [[Kazimieras Simonavičius]] is considered a pioneer of [[rocket]]ry; his publication, the ''Artis Magnae Artilleriae,'' was a basic [[artillery]] manual throughout Europe, containing a large chapter on caliber, construction, production and properties of rockets (for military and civil purposes), including [[multistage rocket]]s, [[rocket battery|batteries of rockets]], and rockets with [[delta wing]] [[Stabilizer (aircraft)|stabilizers]].<ref>{{cite book|page=44|title=Astronautics|author=Ulrich Walter|publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]]|year=2008|isbn=978-3-527-40685-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kazimieras Simonavičius|url=http://www.ksu.lt/en/kazimieras-simonavicius-2/|website=[[Kazimieras Simonavičius University]]|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-date=4 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304035956/https://ksu.lt/en/kazimieras-simonavicius-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> Botanist [[Jurgis Pabrėža]] (1771–1849) created the first systematic guide of Lithuanian flora, ''Taislius auguminis'' (''Botany''), written in the Samogitian dialect, the Latin-Lithuanian dictionary of plant names, and the first Lithuanian geography textbook. German scientist [[Theodor Grotthuss]] (1785–1822), who proposed the [[Grotthuss mechanism]], lived and worked in the {{Ill|Gedučiai manor|lt|Gedučių dvaras}}, where he gained local prominence for his effort to educate and improve the well-being of peasants.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kajėnas |first1=Kostas |last2=Stankevičius |first2=Martynas |date=21 June 2022 |title=Theodoras von Grotthussas. Garsiausias Lietuvos mokslininkas, pralenkęs laiką |url=https://www.bernardinai.lt/theodoras-von-grotthussas-garsiausias-lietuvos-mokslininkas-pralenkes-laika/ |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=Bernardinai.lt |language=lt |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621202655/https://www.bernardinai.lt/theodoras-von-grotthussas-garsiausias-lietuvos-mokslininkas-pralenkes-laika/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The world wars of the 20th century severely diminished Lithuanian science and academia, although Lithuanian scholars and scientists managed to succeed, particularly abroad, including philosopher [[Vasily Seseman|Vosylius Sezemanas]], jurist [[Michał Pius Römer|Mykolas Römeris]], aviator [[Antanas Gustaitis]], management theorist [[Vytautas Andrius Graičiūnas]], archaeologist [[Marija Gimbutas]], primatologist [[Birutė Galdikas]], linguist [[Algirdas Julien Greimas]], and [[Medieval studies|medievalist]] [[Jurgis Baltrušaitis (son)|Jurgis Baltrušaitis]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lietuvos kronika 1993 – 16 (1674) Marija Alseikaitė – Gimbutienė|url=http://www.lrt.lt/mediateka/irasas/31010/lietuvos-kronika-1993-16-1674-marija-alseikaite-gimbutiene|website=LRT|date=15 September 1993|access-date=29 March 2018|language=lt|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430133853/https://www.lrt.lt/mediateka/irasas/31010/lietuvos-kronika-1993-16-1674-marija-alseikaite-gimbutiene|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bulota|first1=Šarūnas|title=Garsiausia pasaulio orangutanų tyrinėtoja Birutė Galdikas: "Lietuvių kultūra – mano kraujyje"|url=https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/gyvunu-klubas/ivykiai/garsiausia-pasaulio-orangutanu-tyrinetoja-birute-galdikas-lietuviu-kultura-mano-kraujyje-172-331747|website=15min.lt|access-date=2 May 2013|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417191035/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/gyvunu-klubas/ivykiai/garsiausia-pasaulio-orangutanu-tyrinetoja-birute-galdikas-lietuviu-kultura-mano-kraujyje-172-331747|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Arvydas Kliorė|url=http://www.yrasalis.lt/desimt/inzinieriai/dr-arvydas-kliore/|website=yrasalis.lt|access-date=15 February 2018|language=lt-LT|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417194859/http://www.yrasalis.lt/desimt/inzinieriai/dr-arvydas-kliore/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biografija – A. J. Greimas|url=http://www.greimas.eu/biografija/|website=greimas.eu|access-date=15 February 2018|language=lt-LT|archive-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216091947/http://www.greimas.eu/biografija/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=STAR (Self-Testing And Repairing) computer|url=http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/STAR.html|website=Daviddarling.info|access-date=19 March 2018|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430190659/https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/STAR.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mathematician [[Jonas Kubilius]], long-term rector of the [[University of Vilnius]], is known for works in [[Probabilistic number theory]], including the [[Kubilius model]], Theorem of Kubilius and the [[Turán–Kubilius inequality]]. Kubilius also successfully resisted attempts to Russify the university.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iš Vilniaus universiteto istorijos, 1955–1990|date=5 November 1995|pages=1–2|url=http://www.draugas.org/archive/1994_reg/1994-11-05-PRIEDAS-DRAUGAS-i5-8.pdf|access-date=31 March 2018|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225022329/http://www.draugas.org/archive/1994_reg/1994-11-05-PRIEDAS-DRAUGAS-i5-8.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Laser]]s and [[biotechnology]] are flagship fields of the Lithuanian science and high-tech industry.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/lithuania-leading-light-laser-technology|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110175105/https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/lithuania-leading-light-laser-technology|archive-date=10 January 2018|title=Lithuania, a leading light in laser technology – Digital Single Market|date=10 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Daugiausiai inovacijų lietuviai sukūrė gyvybės mokslų srityje|url=https://www.delfi.lt/partnerio-turinys/lietuvos-amziaus-inovacijos/daugiausiai-inovaciju-lietuviai-sukure-gyvybes-mokslu-srityje.d?id=75754757|website=[[DELFI]]|access-date=14 September 2017|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417181824/https://www.delfi.lt/partnerio-turinys/lietuvos-amziaus-inovacijos/daugiausiai-inovaciju-lietuviai-sukure-gyvybes-mokslu-srityje.d?id=75754757|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Šviesos konversija'' ("Light Conversion") has developed a [[femtosecond]] laser system that has 80% market share worldwide, with applications in DNA research, ophthalmological surgeries, and nanotechnology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Light Conversion – About Us|url=http://lightcon.com/about-us.html|website=lightcon.com|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-date=20 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120194735/http://www.lightcon.com/about-us.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Įgyvendinta svajonė sukėlė perversmą pasaulinėje lazerių rinkoje|url=https://www.delfi.lt/partnerio-turinys/lietuvos-amziaus-inovacijos/igyvendinta-svajone-sukele-perversma-pasaulineje-lazeriu-rinkoje.d?id=75532853|website=[[DELFI]]|access-date=25 August 2017|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417194908/https://www.delfi.lt/partnerio-turinys/lietuvos-amziaus-inovacijos/igyvendinta-svajone-sukele-perversma-pasaulineje-lazeriu-rinkoje.d?id=75532853|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Vilnius University]] Laser Research Center has developed one of the most powerful femtosecond lasers in the world dedicated primarily to [[Oncology|oncological diseases]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lietuviai sukūrė vieną galingiausių lazerių pasaulyje|url=https://www.delfi.lt/partnerio-turinys/lietuvos-amziaus-inovacijos/lietuviai-sukure-viena-galingiausiu-lazeriu-pasaulyje.d?id=75607431|website=[[DELFI]]|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417195008/https://www.delfi.lt/partnerio-turinys/lietuvos-amziaus-inovacijos/lietuviai-sukure-viena-galingiausiu-lazeriu-pasaulyje.d?id=75607431|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1963, [[Vytautas Straižys]] and his colleagues created [[Vilnius photometric system]] that is used in [[astronomy]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vilniaus astrofotometrinė sistema|url=http://astronomija.lt/enciklopedija/index.php/Vilniaus_astrofotometrin%C4%97_sistema|website=astronomija.lt|access-date=4 February 2018|language=lt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205072446/http://astronomija.lt/enciklopedija/index.php/Vilniaus_astrofotometrin%C4%97_sistema|archive-date=5 February 2018}}</ref> Noninvasive intracranial pressure and blood flow measuring devices were developed by [[Kaunas University of Technology|KTU]] scientist A. Ragauskas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.epo.org/european-inventor/finalists/2016/ragauskas.html|website=m.epo.org/|title=Finalist for the European Inventor Award 2016|access-date=7 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407184238/https://m.epo.org/european-inventor/finalists/2016/ragauskas.html|archive-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> Kęstutis Pyragas contributed to the study of [[Control of chaos|chaos theory]] with his method of delayed feedback control, the [[Pyragas method]]. [[Kavli Prize]] laureate [[Virginijus Šikšnys]] is known for his discoveries in [[CRISPR]], namely with respect to CRISPR-[[Cas9]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2015/10/battle-genome-editing-gets-science-wrong/|author=Sarah Zhang|date=10 April 2015|magazine=Wired|title=The Battle Over Genome Editing Gets Science All Wrong|access-date=17 April 2018|archive-date=7 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607095645/https://www.wired.com/2015/10/battle-genome-editing-gets-science-wrong/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Giorgia Guglielmi|date=31 May 2015|journal=Nature|title=Million-dollar Kavli prize recognizes scientist scooped on CRISPR|volume=558|issue=7708|pages=17–18|doi=10.1038/d41586-018-05308-5|pmid=29872189|s2cid=46949947|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:LituanicaSAT-2.jpg|thumb|[[LituanicaSAT-2]] in the thermal-vacuum chamber]] -->Lithuania has launched three satellites to space: [[LitSat-1]], [[Lituanica SAT-1]] and [[LituanicaSAT-2]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rutkauskas|first1=Adomas|title=Į kosmosą pakilo trečiasis Lietuvos palydovas|url=https://it.lrytas.lt/laboratorija/2017/06/23/news/i-kosmosa-kyla-treciasis-lietuvos-palydovas-1755953/|website=[[lrytas.lt]]|date=23 June 2017|access-date=23 June 2017|language=lt-LT|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308143523/https://it.lrytas.lt/laboratorija/2017/06/23/news/i-kosmosa-kyla-treciasis-lietuvos-palydovas-1755953/}}</ref> [[Lithuanian Museum of Ethnocosmology]] and [[Molėtai Astronomical Observatory]] is located in [[Kulionys]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuanian Museum of Ethnocosmology|url=http://www.etnokosmomuziejus.lt/en/|access-date=4 February 2018|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515194253/https://etnokosmomuziejus.lt/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> Fifteen R&D institutions are members of [[Lithuanian Space Association]]; Lithuania is a cooperating state with [[European Space Agency]].<ref>{{cite web|title=First Baltic Space Activities Roundtable|url=https://www.eas.ee/images/doc/ettevotjale/innovatsioon/kosmos/roundtable1/baltic_roundtable_vidmantas_tomkus.pdf|access-date=12 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411174553/https://www.eas.ee/images/doc/ettevotjale/innovatsioon/kosmos/roundtable1/baltic_roundtable_vidmantas_tomkus.pdf|archive-date=11 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuania becomes eighth ESA Cooperating State|url=https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Welcome_to_ESA/Lithuania_becomes_eighth_ESA_European_Cooperating_State|website=Esa.int|access-date=12 April 2018|archive-date=16 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016155321/https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Welcome_to_ESA/Lithuania_becomes_eighth_ESA_European_Cooperating_State|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rimantas Stankevičius]] is the only ethnically Lithuanian [[astronaut]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vienintelis Lietuvos kosmonautas R.Stankevičius tėvynės neiškeitė į vietą raketoje|url=https://www.delfi.lt/video/mokslas-ir-gamta/vienintelis-lietuvos-kosmonautas-rstankevicius-tevynes-neiskeite-i-vieta-raketoje.d?id=62705647#o8TgpziG|website=DELFI|access-date=12 April 2011|archive-date=26 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526064612/https://www.delfi.lt/video/mokslas-ir-gamta/vienintelis-lietuvos-kosmonautas-rstankevicius-tevynes-neiskeite-i-vieta-raketoje.d?id=62705647#o8TgpziG|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lithuania in 2018 became an Associated Member State of [[CERN]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuania becomes Associate Member State of CERN|url=https://home.cern/about/updates/2018/01/lithuania-becomes-associate-member-state-cern|website=home.cern|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314173513/https://home.cern/about/updates/2018/01/lithuania-becomes-associate-member-state-cern|archive-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> Two CERN incubators in Vilnius and Kaunas will be hosted.<ref>{{cite web |title=Davos: Final decision on CERN business incubation centers in Lithuania |url=https://mission-geneva.mfa.lt/mission-geneva/en/news/davos-final-decision-on-cern-business-incubation-centers-in-lithuania |access-date=14 April 2019 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417192724/https://mission-geneva.mfa.lt/mission-geneva/en/news/davos-final-decision-on-cern-business-incubation-centers-in-lithuania}}</ref> The most advanced scientific research is being conducted at the Life Sciences Center,<ref>{{cite web|title=Life Sciences Center. Lithuania|url=http://www.gmc.vu.lt/en/|website=Gmc.vu.lt|access-date=12 April 2018|archive-date=26 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526002551/https://www.gmc.vu.lt/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> Center For Physical Sciences and Technology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Center For Physical Sciences and Technology. Lithuania|url=https://www.ftmc.lt/en|website=Ftmc.lt|access-date=12 April 2018|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417181226/https://www.ftmc.lt/en|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of 2016 calculations, yearly growth of Lithuania's biotech and life science sector was 22% over the past 5 years. 16 academic institutions, 15 R&D centres (science parks and innovation valleys) and more than 370 manufacturers operate in the Lithuanian life science and biotech industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flandersinvestmentandtrade.com/export/sites/trade/files/market_studies/Life%20science%20and%20biotech%20industry_Lituania_2016.pdf|website=Flandersinvestmentandtrade.com|title=The life science industry in Lithuania|page=2|access-date=31 March 2018|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308083504/https://www.flandersinvestmentandtrade.com/export/sites/trade/files/market_studies/Life%20science%20and%20biotech%20industry_Lituania_2016.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2008 the Valley development programme was started aiming to upgrade Lithuanian scientific research infrastructure and encourage business and science cooperation. Five R&D Valleys were launched – Jūrinis (maritime technologies), Nemunas (agro, bioenergy, forestry), Saulėtekis (laser and light, semiconductor), Santara (biotechnology, medicine), Santaka (sustainable chemistry and pharmacy).<ref>{{cite web |title=R&D in Lithuania |url=https://investlithuania.com/why-lithuania/innovation/ |website=investlithuania.com |access-date=6 October 2019 |archive-date=8 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608011138/https://investlithuania.com/why-lithuania/innovation/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Lithuanian Innovation Center is created to provide support for innovations and research institutions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuanian Innovation Center|url=http://lic.lt/en/|website=lic.lt|access-date=12 April 2018|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922202528/https://lic.lt/en/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lithuania ranks moderately in the [[International Innovation Index]],<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.lmt.lt/data/public/uploads/2016/09/ekonomikos-moksliniu-tyrimu-programos-rekomendacijos.pdf |title=Lietuvos ekonomikos ilgalaikio konkurencingumo iššūkiai |date=2015 |publisher=Lietuvos mokslo taryba |page=18 |access-date=10 January 2018 |archive-date=28 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228012636/https://www.lmt.lt/data/public/uploads/2016/09/ekonomikos-moksliniu-tyrimu-programos-rekomendacijos.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> and is placed 15th among EU countries by the [[European Innovation Scoreboard]].<ref>{{cite web |title=European Innovation Scoreboard |url=http://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/innovation/facts-figures/scoreboards_lt |access-date=31 March 2018 |website=ec.europa.eu |date=5 July 2016 |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406041555/https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/innovation/facts-figures/scoreboards_lt |url-status=live}}</ref> Lithuania was ranked 35th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite book |author=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |year=2024 |title=Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ |access-date=6 October 2024 |page=18 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization |doi=10.34667/tind.50062 |isbn=978-92-805-3681-2}}</ref>

===Tourism===
{{Main|Tourism in Lithuania}}
[[File:Druskininkai fountain.jpg|thumb|[[Druskininkai]] is a popular [[spa town]].]]
Tourism is a significant sector in Lithuania, contributing to the country's economy and cultural exchange.

In 2023, Lithuania welcomed over 1.1 million international visitors, marking a substantial recovery from the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Foreign tourists accounted for nearly a third of Lithuania's total population, which was approximately 2.9 million in 2024. The majority of international tourists originated from neighboring countries, notably [[Belarus]] and [[Poland]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Topic: Travel and tourism in Lithuania |url=https://www.statista.com/topics/12416/travel-and-tourism-in-lithuania/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007110529/https://www.statista.com/topics/12416/travel-and-tourism-in-lithuania/ |archive-date=7 October 2024 |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=Statista |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Domestic tourism]] has also seen significant growth, with Lithuanian residents making around 12.8 million trips within the country in 2023. Most of these were same-day trips, totaling nearly 10 million.<ref name=":2" />

Key urban centres such as [[Vilnius]], [[Kaunas]], and [[Klaipėda]] attract numerous visitors due to their rich history and cultural offerings. Vilnius, the capital, is renowned for its [[baroque]] architecture and has been recognized as the [[European Green Capital Award|European Green Capital]] for 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowan |first=Claudia |title=Europe’s most surprising foodie city — with hardly any Brits |url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/europe-travel/europes-most-surprising-foodie-city-without-any-brits-9c65lm9h3?region=global |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=www.thetimes.com |date=15 September 2024}}</ref> Seaside resorts like [[Palanga]] and [[Neringa Municipality|Neringa]] are popular for their sandy beaches and unique landscapes. Neringa, part of the [[Curonian Spit]], is [[UNESCO]]'s [[World Heritage Site]] known for its colossal sand dunes and pine forests.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Bicycle Tourism in Lithuania : Baltic Sea cycle route - EuroVelo 10 |url=https://en.eurovelo.com/ev10/lithuania |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=EuroVelo}}</ref> Spa towns such as [[Druskininkai]] offer wellness retreats, with Druskininkai featuring the largest water park in [[Eastern Europe]] and the [[Snow Arena]], one of the biggest indoor skiing slopes in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lynų kelias |url=https://www.lynukelias.lt/en/ |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=www.lynukelias.lt}}</ref>

Lithuania offers diverse outdoor activities. Hot air ballooning is particularly popular in Vilnius and [[Trakai]], providing aerial views of the historic landscapes. Cycling tourism is on the rise, with the country boasting over 3,769 km of bicycle tracks, including 1,988 km of asphalt pavement. Notable routes include:
* '''EuroVelo 10 (Baltic Sea Cycle Route):''' Traverses the [[Curonian Spit]], offering views of sand dunes and coastal towns like [[Palanga]] and [[Nida, Lithuania|Nida]].<ref name=":3" />
* '''EuroVelo 11 (East Europe Route):''' Passes through eastern Lithuania, including Vilnius and Trakai, and natural areas like [[Labanoras Regional Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ECF |title=Bicycle Tourism in Lithuania : East Europe cycle route - EuroVelo 11 |url=https://en.eurovelo.com/ev11/lithuania |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=EuroVelo}}</ref>

The [[Nemunas Delta Regional Park]] is a haven for birdwatchers, hosting over 300 bird species, including rare and endangered ones like the [[greater spotted eagle]] and [[aquatic warbler]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nemunas Delta |url=https://lithuania.travel/en/where-to-visit/nature/bird-watching/nemunas-delta |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526185225/https://lithuania.travel/en/where-to-visit/nature/bird-watching/nemunas-delta |archive-date=26 May 2024 |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=lithuania.travel |url-status=live }}</ref> The park's wetlands serve as crucial resting sites for [[Bird migration|migratory birds]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nemunas Delta Regional Park - Šilutės turizmo informacijos centras |url=https://siluteinfo.lt/en/silute-region/nemunas-delta-regional-park/ |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=siluteinfo.lt |date=25 May 2022}}</ref>

====Economic tourism====
According to the [[World Travel and Tourism Council]] (WTTC), Lithuania's tourism sector contributed approximately €1.7 billion to the national economy in 2023, accounting for 2.3% of the country's GDP. This represents a notable recovery from the downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, although it remains below pre-pandemic levels. The WTTC's Economic Impact Report for Lithuania provides detailed insights into the sector's performance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2023 |url=https://assets-global.website-files.com/6329bc97af73223b575983ac/647f193f93a40a264ad69885_EIR2023-Lithuania.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National accounts - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas |url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/nacionalines-saskaitos1 |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=osp.stat.gov.lt}}</ref>