Editing Linus Pauling (section)

===Death and legacy===

Pauling died of [[prostate cancer]] on August 19, 1994, at 19:20 at home in [[Big Sur]], California.<ref name="Offit" /> He was 93 years old.<ref>Goertzel and Goertzel, p. 247.</ref> A grave marker for Pauling was placed in Oswego Pioneer Cemetery in [[Lake Oswego, Oregon|Lake Oswego]], Oregon by his sister Pauline, but Pauling's ashes, along with those of his wife, were not buried there until 2005.<ref name="grave">{{Cite web |title=The Centennial: Who's Buried in Linus Pauling's Grave? |url=http://www.ci.oswego.or.us/sites/default/files/fileattachments/publicaffairs/webpage/13678/centennial_july2010.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.ci.oswego.or.us/sites/default/files/fileattachments/publicaffairs/webpage/13678/centennial_july2010.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=December 26, 2012}}</ref>

Pauling's discoveries led to decisive contributions in a  diverse array of areas including around 350 publications in the fields of quantum mechanics, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, protein structure, molecular biology, and medicine.<ref name="California">{{Cite web |title=Linus Pauling |url=http://www.californiamuseum.org/inductee/linus-pauling |access-date=June 1, 2015 |website=California Museum|date=February 17, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Linus Pauling – Biographical |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1954/pauling-bio.html |access-date=October 6, 2016 |website=Nobelprize.org |publisher=Nobel Media AB 2014}}</ref>

His work on chemical bonding marks him as one of the founders of modern [[quantum chemistry]].<ref name="natureobit" /> ''The Nature of the Chemical Bond'' was the standard work for many years,<ref name="Hamilton">{{Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Neil A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tKxOpAh78IsC&pg=PA303 |title=American social leaders and activists |date=2002 |publisher=Facts On File |isbn=978-0-8160-4535-8 |location=New York |access-date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> and concepts like [[Orbital hybridisation|hybridization]] and [[electronegativity]] remain part of standard chemistry textbooks. While his [[valence bond]] approach fell short of accounting quantitatively for some of the characteristics of molecules, such as the color of [[organometallic]] complexes, and would later be eclipsed by the [[molecular orbital theory]] of [[Robert Mulliken]], valence bond theory still competes, in its modern form, with molecular orbital theory and [[density functional theory]] (DFT) as a way of describing chemical phenomena.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hoffmann |first1=Roald |last2=Shaik |first2=Sason |last3=Hiberty |first3=Philippe C. |year=2003 |title=A Conversation on VB vs MO Theory: A Never-Ending Rivalry? |journal=[[Accounts of Chemical Research|Acc Chem Res]] |volume=36 |issue=10 |pages=750–6 |doi=10.1021/ar030162a |pmid=14567708}}</ref> Pauling's work on crystal structure contributed significantly to the prediction and elucidation of the structures of complex minerals and compounds.<ref name=Marinacci/>{{rp|80–81}} His discovery of the alpha helix and beta sheet is a fundamental foundation for the study of protein structure.<ref name="Goertzel and Goertzel, p. 95-100" />

[[Francis Crick]] acknowledged Pauling as the "father of [[molecular biology]]".<ref name="natureobit" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 1, 1986 |title=Pauling Honored by Scientists at Caltech Event |work=Los Angeles Times |agency=United Press International |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-01-me-13101-story.html |access-date=July 22, 2012}}</ref> His discovery of [[sickle cell anemia]] as a "molecular disease" opened the way toward examining genetically acquired mutations at a molecular level.<ref name=Strasser/>

Pauling's 1951 publication with Robert B. Corey and H. R. Branson, "The Structure of Proteins: Two Hydrogen-Bonded Helical Configurations of the Polypeptide Chain," was a key early finding in the then newly emerging field of molecular biology. This publication was honored by a Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award from the Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society presented to the department of chemistry, Caltech, in 2017.<ref name="breakthrough">{{Cite web |title=Citations for Chemical Breakthrough Awards 2017 Awardees |url=http://www.scs.illinois.edu/~mainzv/HIST/awards/CCB-2017_Awardees.php |access-date=March 12, 2018 |website=Division of the History of Chemistry}}</ref><ref name="configurations">{{Cite journal |last1=Pauling |first1=L. |last2=Corey |first2=R. B. |last3=Branson |first3=H. R. |author3-link=Herman Branson |year=1951 |title=The structure of proteins: Two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=205–11 |bibcode=1951PNAS...37..205P |doi=10.1073/pnas.37.4.205 |pmc=1063337 |pmid=14816373 |doi-access=free}}</ref>