Editing Joseph Conrad (section)

==Legacy==
Conrad is regarded as one of the greatest writers in the English language.<ref name="encyclo_bio">{{Britannica|133148}}</ref> After the publication of ''[[Chance (Conrad novel)|Chance]]'' in 1913, he was the subject of more discussion and praise than any other English writer of the time. He had a genius for companionship, and his circle of friends, which he had begun assembling even prior to his first publications, included authors and other leading lights in the arts, such as [[Henry James]], [[Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham]], [[John Galsworthy]], Galsworthy's wife [[Ada Galsworthy]] (translator of French literature), [[Edward Garnett]], Garnett's wife [[Constance Garnett]] (translator of Russian literature), [[Stephen Crane]], [[Hugh Walpole]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[H. G. Wells]] (whom Conrad dubbed "the historian of the ages to come"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jasanoff|first=Maya|author-link=Maya Jasanoff|title=The Future Was His (review of Sarah Cole, ''Inventing Tomorrow: H.G. Wells and the Twentieth Century''|date=23 July 2020|journal=[[The New York Review of Books]]|volume=LXVII|issue=12|page=51}}</ref>), [[Arnold Bennett]], [[Norman Douglas]], [[Jacob Epstein]], [[T. E. Lawrence]], [[André Gide]], [[Paul Valéry]], [[Maurice Ravel]], [[Valery Larbaud]], [[Saint-John Perse]], [[Edith Wharton]], [[James Huneker]], anthropologist [[Bronisław Malinowski]], [[Józef Retinger]] (later a founder of the [[European Movement]], which led to the [[European Union]], and author of ''Conrad and His Contemporaries''). In the early 1900s Conrad composed a short series of novels in collaboration with [[Ford Madox Ford]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/050606/depgal2.html |title=Collaborative Literature |publisher=Dukemagazine.duke.edu |access-date=18 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111161050/http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/issues/050606/depgal2.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

In 1919 and 1922 Conrad's growing renown and prestige among writers and critics in continental Europe fostered his hopes for a [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]. It was apparently the French and Swedes—not the English—who favoured Conrad's candidacy.{{sfnp|Najder|2007|pp=512, 550}}{{NoteTag|Jeffrey Meyers remarks:  "[T]he [Nobel] Prize [in literature] usually went to safe mediocrities and Conrad, like most of his great contemporaries... did not win it."{{sfnp|Meyers|1991|p=355}}}}
[[File:POL COA Nałęcz.svg|100px|thumb|Conrad's Polish ''[[Nałęcz coat-of-arms|Nałęcz]]'' [[coat-of-arms]]]]
In April 1924 Conrad, who possessed a hereditary Polish status of nobility and [[coat of arms|coat-of-arms]] (''[[Nałęcz coat-of-arms|Nałęcz]]''), declined a (non-hereditary) British [[knighthood]] offered by [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] Prime Minister [[Ramsay MacDonald]].{{NoteTag|Five of Conrad's close friends had accepted knighthoods, and six others would later do so. On the other hand, [[Rudyard Kipling]] and [[John Galsworthy]] had already declined knighthood.{{sfnp|Meyers|1991|p=355}}}}{{NoteTag|Conrad subtly acknowledged his Polish heritage by using his [[Nałęcz coat of arms|''Nałęcz'' coat-of-arms]] as a cover device on an edition of his collected works.{{sfnp|Najder|2007|p=551}}}}  Conrad kept a distance from official structures—he never voted in British national elections—and seems to have been averse to public honours generally; he had already refused honorary degrees from Cambridge, Durham, Edinburgh, Liverpool, and Yale universities.{{sfnp|Najder|2007|p=570}}

In the [[Polish People's Republic]], translations of Conrad's works were openly published, except for ''[[Under Western Eyes (novel)|Under Western Eyes]]'', which in the 1980s was published as an underground "''[[bibuła]]''".<ref name="GąsiorowskiRostworowska2004">{{cite book|author1=Stanisław Mateusz Gąsiorowski|author2=Maria Rostworowska|title=Poza granicą myśli--"Wszystko" oraz publicystyka i poezja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SbsQAQAAIAAJ|access-date=15 June 2013|year=2004|publisher=Wydawnictwo "Lexis"|isbn=978-83-89425-07-2|page=128}}</ref>

Conrad's narrative style and [[anti-heroic]] characters{{sfnp|Stape|2014|p=70}} have influenced many authors, including [[T. S. Eliot]],{{sfnp|Robson|2017|p=93}} [[Maria Dąbrowska]],{{sfnp|Najder|1969|p=175}} [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]],{{sfnp|Stape|2014|p=271}} [[William Faulkner]],{{sfnp|Stape|2014|p=271}} [[Gerald Basil Edwards]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chaney|first=Edward|title=Genius Friend: G.B. Edwards and ''The Book of Ebenezer Le Page''|year=2015|publisher=Blue Ormer Publishing|isbn=9780992879105|page=}}</ref>{{page needed|date=January 2021}} [[Ernest Hemingway]],{{sfnp|Gurko|1962|pp=37, 147, 222, 248}} [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]],{{sfnp|Najder|1969|p=175}} [[André Malraux]],{{sfnp|Najder|1969|p=175}} [[George Orwell]],{{sfnp|Meyers|1991|p=254}} [[Graham Greene]],{{sfnp|Stape|2014|p=271}} [[William Golding]],{{sfnp|Stape|2014|p=271}} [[William Burroughs]],{{sfnp|Robson|2017|p=95}} [[Saul Bellow]],{{sfnp|Robson|2017|p=95}} [[Gabriel García Márquez]],{{sfnp|Stape|2014|p=271}} [[Peter Matthiessen]],{{NoteTag|[[Peter Matthiessen]] consistently spoke of Conrad as a substantial influence on his work.  [10 ''[[Paris Review]]'' with Peter Matthiessen].}} [[John le Carré]],{{sfnp|Stape|2014|p=271}} [[V. S. Naipaul]],{{sfnp|Stape|2014|p=271}} [[Philip Roth]],<ref name="Philip Roth 2013">"Philip Roth:  Unmasked", [[American Masters]], [[PBS]], 2013.</ref> [[Joan Didion]],{{sfnp|Robson|2017|p=95}} [[Thomas Pynchon]]{{sfnp|Robson|2017|p=95}} [[J. M. Coetzee]],{{sfnp|Stape|2014|p=271}} and [[Salman Rushdie]].{{NoteTag|The title of Rushdie's ''[[Joseph Anton: A Memoir]]'' conflates the [[given name]]s of ''Joseph'' Conrad and [[Anton Chekhov|''Anton'' Chekhov]], two of Rushdie's favourite authors.}} Many films have been adapted from, or inspired by, Conrad's works.