Editing Johnston Atoll (section)

===Baker–Nunn satellite tracking camera station===
{{see also|Project Space Track|United States Space Surveillance Network}}
The [[Space Detection and Tracking System]] or SPADATS<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/airdef/norad-chron.htm |title=NORAD Selected Chronology |website=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |access-date=August 3, 2021 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074340/https://fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/airdef/norad-chron.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> was operated by [[North American Aerospace Defense Command]] ([[NORAD]]) along with the [[Project Space Track|U.S. Air Force Spacetrack system]], The [[Air Force Space Surveillance System#History|Navy Space Surveillance System]] and [[Canadian Forces Air Defence Command#History|Canadian Forces Air Defense Command]] [[RCAF Station St. Margarets#CFB Chatham, St. Margarets Detachment|Satellite Tracking Unit]]. The [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory]] also operated a dozen 3.5 ton [[Baker-Nunn camera#Baker-Nunn|Baker-Nunn Camera]] systems (none at Johnston) for cataloging of artificial satellites. The U.S. Air Force had ten Baker-Nunn camera stations worldwide, mostly from 1960 to 1977, with a phase-out beginning in 1964.<ref name="Peebles1997">{{cite book|author=Curtis Peebles|title=High Frontier: The U.S. Air Force and the Military Space Program|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cMgdYypcPc8C&pg=PA39|date=June 1, 1997|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-0-7881-4800-2|pages=39–|access-date=November 7, 2015|archive-date=September 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929044504/https://books.google.com/books?id=cMgdYypcPc8C&pg=PA39#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Baker-Nunn space camera station was constructed on Sand Island. It was functioning by 1965.<ref name="Baseline"/> [[18th Space Control Squadron|USAF 18th Surveillance Squadron]] operated the Baker-Nunn camera at a station built along the causeway on Sand Island until 1975 when a contract to operate the four remaining Air Force stations was awarded to [[Bendix Corporation|Bendix Field Engineering Corporation]]. In about 1977, the camera at Sand Island was moved to [[Daegu]], [[South Korea]].<ref name="Memorieshistory"/> Baker-Nunn were rendered obsolete with the Initial Operational Capability of 3 GEODSS optical tracking sites at Daegu, Korea; [[Haleakalā|Mount Haleakala]], Maui and [[White Sands Missile Range]]. A fourth site was operational in 1985 at [[Diego Garcia]], and a proposed fifth site in Portugal was canceled. The Daegu, Korea site was closed due to encroaching city lights. GEODSS tracked satellites at night, though the [[MIT Lincoln Laboratory]] test site, co-located with Site 1 at White Sands, did track asteroids in the daytime as proof of concept in the early 1980s.<ref name="Peebles1997"/>