Editing Jeremy Bentham (section)

==== Hedonistic/felicific calculus ====
In his exposition of the [[felicific calculus]], Bentham proposed a classification of 12 pains and 14 pleasures, by which we might test the "'''happiness factor'''" of any action.<ref>Bentham, Jeremy. 1780. "[http://www.koeblergerhard.de/Fontes/BenthamJeremyMoralsandLegislation1789.pdf#page=68 Value of a Lot of Pleasure or Pain, How to be Measured]". pp. 26–29 in ''[[An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation]]''. London: T. Payne and Sons. [https://www.utilitarianism.com/jeremy-bentham/#four eText].</ref> For Bentham, according to P. J. Kelly, the law "provides the basic framework of social interaction by delimiting spheres of personal inviolability within which individuals can form and pursue their own conceptions of well-being".{{sfn|Kelly|1990|p=81}} It provides security, a precondition for the formation of expectations. As the hedonic calculus shows "expectation utilities" to be much higher than natural ones, it follows that Bentham does not favour the sacrifice of a few to the benefit of the many. Law professor [[Alan Dershowitz]] has quoted Bentham to argue that torture should sometimes be permitted.<ref name="Dershowitz2014" />