Editing Jeans (section)

=== Soviet Union ===
{{expand section|date=July 2015}}
In the [[Soviet Union]], jeans were the symbol of the Western way of life.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Rebecca |title=Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose |date=2004 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |isbn=978-3-86153-335-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUCVNbVrYyEC |language=de}}</ref> The "jeans fever" in the USSR started in 1957 during the [[World Festival of Youth and Students]].<ref name="rua"/> According to a 1961 Soviet textile dictionary, jeans were initially referred to as a "worker's uniform" (рабочий костюм, ''rabochii kostyum'').<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Rabinowitch |author-first=Efimovich Rabinowitch |editor-last=Lupandin |editor-first=K. K. |title=English-Russian Textile Dictionary |publisher=Central Editorial Board, Foreign-Language Scientific and Technical Dictionaries, Fizmatgiz |edition= Second Edition, Revised and Englarged |date=1961 |page=247}}</ref>

The jeans brand Rokotov and Fainberg is named after the defendants in the Rokotov–Faibishenko case, Yan T. Rokotov and Vladislav P. Faibishenko, who were executed for, among other things, trafficking in jeans.<ref name="rua">Rudevich, Alexei. [http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html Worth going to prison for: Getting hold of jeans in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095516/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/09/16/worth_going_to_prison_for_getting_hold_of_jeans_in_the_ussr_39833.html |date=September 27, 2014 }}. Russia Beyond the Headlines, September 16, 2014. Accessed on November 16, 2014.</ref>

Although not outright banned, jeans were hard to come by in the Soviet Union since they were seen as a symbol of rebellion by the Soviet youth, who wanted to emulate the style of film and rock stars of the West. The [[Soviet government]] resisted supplying the market with jeans as it would mean responding to the [[market (economics)|market]], a [[capitalist]] principle.<ref>{{cite news |author-first=Katherine |author-last=Damm |date=May 9, 2018 |orig-date=2014-09-14 |url=https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |title=Soviet Denim Smuggling—Jeans Behind the Iron Curtain |work=Heddels |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034130/https://www.heddels.com/2014/09/soviet-denim-smuggling-history-jeans-behind-iron-curtain/ |url-status=live }}</ref> People went to great lengths, sometimes by resorting to violence and other illegal activities, to obtain real Western-made jeans. That led to the creation of [[black markets]] and to the [[counterfeit consumer goods|bootlegging]] of jeans, which since has become an important cultural element of the [[history of the Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |title=Exploring the USSR's underground obsession with Levi's 501s |date=August 19, 2016 |work=Dazed |access-date=October 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=October 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225333/http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32495/1/exploring-the-ussr-s-underground-obsession-with-levi-s-501s |url-status=live }}</ref>