Editing Insulin resistance (section)

===Static function tests===
Given the complicated nature of the "clamp" technique (and the potential dangers of [[hypoglycemia]] in some patients), alternatives have been sought to simplify the measurement of insulin resistance. The first was the [[homeostatic model assessment|Homeostatic Model Assessment]] (HOMA),<ref name="pmid3899825">{{cite journal | vauthors = Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC | title = Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man | journal = Diabetologia | volume = 28 | issue = 7 | pages = 412–9 | date = July 1985 | pmid = 3899825 | doi = 10.1007/BF00280883 | s2cid = 24872571 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and more recent methods include the [[Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index]] (QUICKI)<ref name="pmid10902785">{{cite journal | vauthors = Katz A, Nambi SS, Mather K, Baron AD, Follmann DA, Sullivan G, Quon MJ | title = Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index: a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans | journal = J Clin Endocrinol Metab | volume = 85 | issue = 7 | pages = 2402–10 | date = July 2000 | pmid = 10902785 | doi = 10.1210/jcem.85.7.6661 | s2cid = 7612943 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and [[SPINA-GR]], a measure for insulin sensitivity.<ref name="pmid36271244">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dietrich JW, Dasgupta R, Anoop S, Jebasingh F, Kurian ME, Inbakumari M, Boehm BO, Thomas N | title = SPINA Carb: a simple mathematical model supporting fast in-vivo estimation of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function | journal = Sci Rep | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 17659 | date = October 2022 | pmid = 36271244 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-022-22531-3 | pmc = 9587026 | bibcode = 2022NatSR..1217659D }}</ref> All of these calculated markers employ [[fasting]] [[insulin]] and [[glucose]] levels to calculate insulin resistance, and all correlate reasonably with the results of clamping studies.

====Interpretation of results====
** HOMA-IR < 2: normal insulin sensitivity
** HOMA-IR > 2: possible insulin resistance
** HOMA-IR > 2,5: probable insulin resistance
** HOMA-IR > 5: typical results for type 2 diabetes<ref>{{cite web |last1=DocCheck |title=Homeostasis Model Assessment |url=https://flexikon.doccheck.com/de/Homeostasis_Model_Assessment |website=DocCheck Flexikon |language=de}}</ref>
** SPINA-GR 1,41–9,00&nbsp;mol/s: normal insulin sensitivity
** SPINA-GR ≤ 1,40&nbsp;mol/s: insulin resistance
** SPINA-GR < 1,35&nbsp;mol/s: typical results for type 2 diabetes<ref name="pmid36271244"/>