Editing Illinois (section)

=== Race and ethnicity ===

==== 2020 census ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Illinois – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name="2000CensusP2">{{Cite web|title=P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – Illinois|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p004&g=040XX00US17|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=November 25, 2023|archive-date=November 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125182549/https://data.census.gov/table?q=p004&g=040XX00US17|url-status=live}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name="2010CensusP2">{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Illinois|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPLNAT2010.P2?q=p2&g=040XX00US17|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=November 25, 2023|archive-date=November 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125182549/https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPLNAT2010.P2?q=p2&g=040XX00US17|url-status=live}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name="2020CensusP2">{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Illinois|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=p2&g=040XX00US17|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=November 25, 2023|archive-date=November 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125182550/https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=p2&g=040XX00US17|url-status=live}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|8,424,140
|8,167,753
|style='background: #ffffe6; |7,472,751
|{{percentage|8424140|12419293|2}}
|{{percentage|8167753|12830632|2}}
|style='background: #ffffe6; |{{percentage|7472751|12812508|2}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|1,856,152
|1,832,924
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,775,612
|{{percentage|1856152|12419293|2}}
|{{percentage|1832924|12830632|2}}
|style='background: #ffffe6; |{{percentage|1775612|12812508|2}}
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|18,232
|18,849
|style='background: #ffffe6; |16,561
|{{percentage|18232|12419293|2}}
|{{percentage|18849|12830632|2}}
|style='background: #ffffe6; |{{percentage|16561|12812508|2}}
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|419,916
|580,586
|style='background: #ffffe6; |747,280
|{{percentage|419916|12419293|2}}
|{{percentage|580586|12830632|2}}
|style='background: #ffffe6; |{{percentage|747280|12812508|2}}
|-
|[[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|3,116
|2,977
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,959
|{{percentage|3116|12419293|2}}
|{{percentage|2977|12830632|2}}
|style='background: #ffffe6; |{{percentage|2959|12812508|2}}
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|13,479
|16,008
|style='background: #ffffe6; |45,080
|{{percentage|13479|12419293|2}}
|{{percentage|16008|12830632|2}}
|style='background: #ffffe6; |{{percentage|45080|12812508|2}}
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|153,996
|183,957
|style='background: #ffffe6; |414,855
|{{percentage|153996|12419293|2}}
|{{percentage|183957|12830632|2}}
|style='background: #ffffe6; |{{percentage|414855|12812508|2}}
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|1,530,262
|2,027,578
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,337,410
|{{percentage|1530262|12419293|2}}
|15.80%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |{{percentage|2337410|12812508|2}}
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''12,419,293'''
|'''12,830,632'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''12,812,508'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

[[File:Ethnic Origins in Illinois.png|thumb|270x270px|Ethnic origins in Illinois]]
[[File:Illinois counties by race.svg|thumb|292x292px|Map of counties in Illinois by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census{{Collapsible list
| title = Non-Hispanic White|{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

{{legend|#dd7e6b|40–50%}}

{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}

{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}

{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}

{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}

{{legend|#410b00|90%+}}

{{col-end}}
}}]]
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref name=":9">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=2021-09-26 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165418/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|58.3|%|2||background:gray}}
|align=right| {{bartable|61.3|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]{{efn|Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.}}
|align=right| {{bartable}}
|align=right| {{bartable|18.2|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| [[African Americans|African American (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|13.9|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|align=right| {{bartable|15.0|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|5.8|%|2||background:purple}}
|align=right| {{bartable|6.7|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:gold}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.1|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.02|%|2||background:pink}}
|align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other
|align=right| {{bartable|0.4|%|2||background:brown}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.1|%|2||background:brown}}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ '''Illinois Racial Breakdown of Population<ref name=":1" />'''
|-
! Racial composition
!1940
!1950<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2014 |title=US Census Bureau- Illinois Race and Hispanic Origin: 1800-1990 |url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/tab28.pdf |website=Wayback Machine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327163928/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/tab28.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 }}</ref>
!1960<ref name=":1" />
!1970<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Persons of Spanish Origin- Table 2 (Persons of Spanish Origin by Race, 1970) |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1970/pc-2-1c/42043782v2p1a1cch7.pdf |website=US Census Bureau}}</ref>
!1980<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Table 5- Percent Distribution of Persons of Spanish Origin by Race, 1980 |url=https://assets.nhgis.org/original-data/modern-census/1980PL_80-S1-7.pdf |website=US Census Bureau}}</ref>!! 1990<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States |date=July 25, 2008 |website=Census.gov |access-date=September 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics- Illinois |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-15.pdf |website=US Census Bureau}}</ref>!! 2000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://censusviewer.com/city/IL|title=Population of Illinois: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html |title=2010 Census Data |website=Census.gov |access-date=September 4, 2017 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522200920/https://census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=040XX00US17&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20(PL%2094-171) |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
|-
| [[White American|White]]
|95.0%
|92.4%
|89.4%
|86.4%
|80.8%|| 78.3% || 73.5% || 71.5%
|61.4%
|-
| [[African American|Black]]
|4.9%
|7.4%
|10.3%
|12.8%
|14.7%|| 14.8% || 15.1% || 14.5%
|14.1%
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]]
|0.1%
|0.2%
|0.2%
|0.4%
|1.4%|| 2.5% || 3.4% || 4.6%
|5.9%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]
|0%
|0%
|0%
|0.1%
|0.1%|| 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.3%
|0.8%
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]]
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—||—||0.0%||0.0%
|0.0%
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|'Some Other race']]
|—
|—
|—
|0.2%
|3%|| 4.2% || 5.8% || 6.7%
|8.9%
|-
| [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]]
|—
|—
|—
|—
|—||—|| 1.9% || 2.3%
|8.9%
|-
|'''''[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (Any race)'''''
|'''''0.3%{{efn|Estimate based on the white population "of Spanish mother tongue" in the 1940 Census. Prior to the introduction of 'some other race' as a census category, the vast majority of Hispanics were counted as white, but this estimate may still exclude some non-white Hispanics and those of Hispanic heritage who didn't speak Spanish. }}'''''
|'''''—'''''
|'''''—'''''
|'''''3.3%'''''
|'''''5.6%'''''
|'''''7.9%'''''
|'''''12.3%'''''
|'''''15.8%'''''
|'''''18.2%'''''
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic whites|''Non-Hispanic white'']]
|''94.7%''
|''—''
|''—''
|''83.5%''
|''78%''
|''74.8%''
|''67.8%''
|''63.7%''
|''58.3%''
|-
|''Non-Hispanic black''
|''—''
|''—''
|''—''
|''12.6%''
|''14.6%''
|''14.7%''
|''15.0%''
|''14.3%''
|''13.9%''
|-
|''Non-Hispanic Asian''
|''—''
|''—''
|''—''
|''0.4%''
|''1.4%''
|''2.4%''
|''3.4%''
|''4.5%''
|''5.8%''
|-
|''Non-Hispanic Native American''
|''—''
|''—''
|''—''
|''0.1%''
|''0.1%''
|''0.2%''
|''0.2%''
|''0.2%''
|''0.1%''
|-
|''Non-Hispanic 'Some other race'''
|''—''
|''—''
|''—''
|''0.2%''
|''0.4%''
|''0.1%''
|''0.1%''
|''0.1%''
|''0.4%''
|-
|''Non-Hispanic two or more races''
|''—''
|''—''
|''—''
|''—''
|''—''
|''—''
|''1.2%''
|''1.4%''
|''3.2%''
|}

==== 2023 American Community Survey ====
{| class="cx-linter-tag"
| valign="top" |
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = '''Racial Makeup of Illinois (2023)'''<ref name=CensusACS2023 />
| label1 = White alone
| value1 = 60.70| color2=#36A
| label2 = Black alone
| value2 = 13.32| color1=#6A5
| label3 = Native American alone
| value3 = 0.70| color3=#FF33AC
| label4 = Asian Alone
| value4 = 6.03 | color4=#1A9
| label5 = Pacific Islander Alone
| value5 = 0.05| color5=#E17720
| label6 = Some other race alone
| value6 = 8.13| color6=#F0FF00
| label7 = Two or more races
| value7 = 11.08 | color7=#64ECDF
}}
| valign="top" |
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = '''Racial/Ethnic Makeup of Illinois excluding Hispanics from racial categories (2023)'''<ref name=CensusACS2023 />{{break}}''NH=Non-Hispanic''
| label1 = White NH
| value1 = 57.85 | color2=#36A
| label2 = Black NH
| value2 = 13.10 | color1=#6A5
| label3 = Native American NH
| value3 = 0.10 | color3=#FF33AC
| label4 = Asian NH
| value4 = 5.93 | color4=#1A9
| label5 = Pacific Islander NH
| value5 = 0.03 | color5=#E17720
| label6 = Other NH
| value6 = 0.38 | color6=#F0FF00
| label7 = Two or more races NH
| value7 = 3.65 | color7=#64ECDF
| label8 = Hispanic Any Race
| value8 = 18.95 | color8=#9400D3
}}
| valign="top" |
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = '''Racial Makeup of Hispanics in Illinois (2023)'''<ref name=CensusACS2023 />
| label1 = White alone
| value1 = 15.02 | color2=#36A
| label2 = Black alone
| value2 = 1.19 | color1=#6A5
| label3 = Native American alone
| value3 = 3.15 | color3=#FF33AC
| label4 = Asian Alone
| value4 = 0.50 | color4=#1A9
| label5 = Pacific Islander Alone
| value5 = 0.08 | color5=#E17720
| label6 = Other race alone
| value6 = 40.87 | color6=#F0FF00
| label7 = Two or more races
| value7 = 39.19 | color7=#64ECDF
}}
|}

According to 2023 U.S. Census Bureau estimates (with Hispanics allocated amongst the various racial groups), Illinois' population was 60.7% [[White American|White]], 13.3% Black or [[African American]], 0.1% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaskan Native]], 6.0% [[Asian American|Asian]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander]], 8.1% Some Other Race, and 11.8% from [[Multiracial American|two or more races]].<ref name=CensusACS2023>{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B03002&g=040XX00US17 |title=B03002 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE—Illinois—2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |date=July 1, 2023 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=February 21, 2024 |archive-date=October 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007044801/https://data.census.gov/table?q=B03002&g=040XX00US17 |url-status=live }}</ref> The white population continues to remain the largest racial category in Illinois. Under this methodology, Hispanics are allocated amongst the various racial groups and primarily identify as Some Other Race (40.9%) or Multiracial (39.2%) with the remainder identifying as White (15.0%), Black (1.2%), American Indian and Alaskan Native (3.2%), Asian (0.5%), and Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (0.1%).<ref name=CensusACS2023 /> By ethnicity, 19.0% of the total population is [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic-Latino]] (of any race) and 81.0% is Non-Hispanic (of any race).

==== Hispanic Americans ====
If treated as a separate category, Hispanics are the largest minority group in Illinois, making up nearly a fifth of the population.<ref name="CensusACS2023" /> Around 75% of the state's Hispanic population is [[Mexican Americans|Mexican-American]], numbering 1,794,369 and making up 14.3% of the total population of the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03001 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03001&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> Illinois is home to the largest population of Mexican descent in the US outside of the [[Western United States]]. The second largest Hispanic group in Illinois are [[Puerto Ricans]], numbering 211,676 and making up 9% of the Hispanic population and 1.7% of the total population. The state is also home to significant Central American and South American communities, including 44,373 Guatemalan-Americans, 41,047 Ecuadorian-Americans, and 42,101 Colombian-Americans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03001 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03001&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> 

The vast majority of Hispanics in Illinois live in Chicago or the surrounding suburbs, with 786,464 Hispanics living in the city of Chicago itself, making up nearly a third of the city's population. Many large suburbs of Chicago, including [[Aurora, Illinois|Aurora]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=16000US1703012&primary_geo_id=16000US1703012 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> [[Berwyn, Illinois|Berwyn]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=16000US1705573&primary_geo_id=16000US1705573 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> [[Cicero, Illinois|Cicero]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=16000US1714351&primary_geo_id=16000US1714351 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> and [[Elgin, Illinois|Elgin]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=16000US1723074&primary_geo_id=16000US1723074 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> have either a majority or plurality Hispanic population. The county with the highest share of Hispanic residents in the state, at 33.5% of the population, is [[Kane County, Illinois|Kane County]], located on the western edge of the Chicago suburbs and including the cities of Elgin and Aurora.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=05000US17089&primary_geo_id=05000US17089 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> Hispanics have the lowest per-capita income of any major ethnic or racial group in Illinois, at $28,541.<ref name=":2" /> However, the Hispanic poverty rate, at 14.1%, is lower than that of Black residents, who have a poverty rate of 23%.<ref name=":3" /> Hispanic residents are the youngest demographic group in Illinois, with a median age of 30.7.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B01002I - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B01002I&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref>

While those of Hispanic ethnicity are not distinguished between total and partial Hispanic origin, 2021 estimates show that almost 10% of the state's Hispanic population also reported a non-Spanish European ancestry, with this group making up 1.7% of the state's total population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPUMS USA |url=https://usa.ipums.org/usa/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=usa.ipums.org}}</ref> 

==== African-Americans ====
Black Americans form the second largest minority group in Illinois. In 2023, 1,922,259 Illinoisans identified as Black alone or in combination, making up 15.3% of the states population. Of this population, 1,643,638 (13.1%) are non-Hispanic Black alone, while 28,321 identify as [[Afro-Latino]], and 250,300 identify as Black in combination with any other race.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02001 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02001&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02009 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02009&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> While most of the state's Black population identifies as African-American,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=US Census |title=Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/detailed-race-ethnicities-2020-census.html |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=Census.gov |language=en}}</ref> there are also 45,393 people of West Indian descent and 43,911 of Nigerian descent in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> A majority of the state's Black population resides in the Chicago metropolitan area, with 42% living in Chicago itself.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02009 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02009&geo_ids=16000US1714000&primary_geo_id=16000US1714000 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> 

According to a study from the Brookings Institute, the Chicago area has the third highest level of black-white residential segregation in the United States.<ref name=":4" /> While some areas, including many neighborhoods on the city's west side and south side, as well as many suburbs in the [[Chicago Southland]], are majority Black, most neighborhoods on the north and northwest sides of Chicago, as well as most of the northern and southwestern suburbs of the city, have very small Black populations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chicago Black Population |url=https://blackdemographics.com/cities-2/chicago-black-population/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=BlackDemographics.com |language=en-US}}</ref> 

Outside of Chicagoland, urban areas in Southern and Central Illinois, including the [[Metro East]], [[Peoria, Illinois|Peoria]], [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]], and [[Decatur, Illinois|Decatur]] also have significant Black populations. The counties with the highest share of Black residents in Illinois are [[Pulaski County, Illinois|Pulaski]] and [[Alexander County, Illinois|Alexander County]], located at the southern tip of the state along the banks of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in the region known as "[[Southern Illinois#Origin of "Little Egypt" name|Little Egypt]]", with Black residents making up 32% of the population in both counties.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census profile: Pulaski County, IL |url=https://censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US17153-pulaski-county-il/ |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=Census Reporter |language=en}}</ref> 

The per-capita income of Black residents, at $30,295, is the second lowest of all major ethnic or racial groups in the state, after Hispanics of any race. However, Black Illinoisans have the highest overall poverty rate of all groups in the state, at 23%.<ref name=":5" /> The median age of Black residents in Illinois is 36.8 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B01002B - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B01002B&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref>

==== Asian-Americans ====
The third largest minority group in Illinois are Asian-Americans. In 2023, 894,048 Illinoisans identified as being Asian alone or in combination, making up 7.1% of the state's population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02011 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02011&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> 756,661 identified as Asian alone, making up 6.0% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02001 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02001&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> The state's Asian-American population has grown rapidly in recent decades, from only 2.5% of the total population in 1990, to over 7% in 2023. 

Around 37% of the state's Asian population is of [[South Asia|South Asian]] origin, 31% are [[East Asia|East Asian,]] 29% are [[Southeast Asia|Southeast Asian]] (Mostly Filipino), 1% are [[Central Asia|Central Asian]], and 2% are of 'unspecified' Asian origins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02018 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02018&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> The largest specific Asian groups in the state are Indian (277,961), Filipino (184,508), Chinese (160,880), Korean (67,452), and Pakistani (50,508).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02018 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02018&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> Around 85% of the state's Asian-American population identifies as Asian alone, while 15% identify as multiracial. Illinoisans of South Asian ancestry are significantly less likely than other Asian-Americans in the state to report multiracial ancestry, with 94% of Indian-Americans and 90% of Pakistani-Americans in the state identifying as Asian alone, compared to 82% of Chinese-American residents, 73% of Filipino-American residents, and only 44% of the state's 33,000 Japanese-American residents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02015 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02015&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02018 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02018&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> 

The overwhelming majority of the state's Asian population resides in the [[Chicago metropolitan area]], mostly in suburban areas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02011 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02011&geo_ids=31000US16980&primary_geo_id=31000US16980 |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> Suburban [[DuPage County, Illinois|DuPage County]] has the highest share of Asian residents in the state, at 14.7%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02011 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02011&geo_ids=05000US17043&primary_geo_id=05000US17043 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> While Asians aren't the majority in any municipality within Illinois, they make up a significant share of the population (between 20 and 40%) in multiple western and northern suburbs of Chicago, including [[Naperville, Illinois|Naperville]], [[Schaumburg, Illinois|Schaumburg]], [[Hoffman Estates, Illinois|Hoffman Estates]], [[Skokie, Illinois|Skokie]], [[Niles, Illinois|Niles]], and [[Morton Grove, Illinois|Morton Grove]]. Additionally, the Chicago [[Community areas in Chicago|community area]] of Armour Square, which includes the city's [[Chinatown, Chicago|Chinatown]] neighborhood, is majority Asian at 63.7% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Community Data Snapshot- Armour Square |url=https://www.cmap.illinois.gov/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/Armour-Square.pdf |website=Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning}}</ref> Asian residents have the highest per-capita income of any major ethnic or racial group in the state, at $54,122, and the second lowest poverty rate, after non-Hispanic whites, at 10.4%.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> The median age of Asian residents in Illinois is 38.9 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B01002D - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B01002D&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref>

==== Native Americans ====
In 2023, 271,494 Illinoisans identified as Native American alone or in combination, making up 2.2% of the state's population. 184,155 Illinoisans identified as Native American in combination with any other race, while 87,339 identified as being Native American alone. Over 80% of the state's Native American population also identified as being Hispanic or Latino, with only 12,385, or 0.1% of the population, identifying as non-Hispanic Native American alone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02001 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02001&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> According to the 2023 American Community Survey, the largest self-identified Indigenous groups in the state were [[Aztecs|Aztec]] (53,815) and [[Maya peoples|Maya]] (17,866).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02021 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02021&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> The largest non-Latin American Indigenous groups in the state were [[Blackfeet Nation|Blackfeet]] (8,674) and [[Navajo]] (3,950). 

==== Pacific Islanders ====
The state has a very small number of [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islanders]], numbering 17,982 and making only 0.1% of the population in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02012 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02012&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> The majority of Pacific Islanders in the state identify as multiracial, with only 5,852 identifying as Pacific Islander alone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02001 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02001&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> The largest Pacific Islander groups in the state are [[Native Hawaiians]] (6,362), [[Samoans]] (2,211), and [[Chamorro people|Chamorros]] (1,519).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02019 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02019&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref>

==== European-Americans ====
In 2023, 7,260,529 Illinoisans identified as non-Hispanic white alone, making up 57.9% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> Although a majority of white residents in the state live in the Chicago area, the counties with the highest percent share of white population are all located in rural areas with smaller populations, with non-Hispanic white people making up over 80 or 90% of the population in most non-urban counties in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by Race and Ethnicity |url=https://dph.illinois.gov/data-statistics/vital-statistics/illinois-population-data/population-race-ethnicity.html |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=dph.illinois.gov |language=en}}</ref> 

In the Chicago metro area, the white population is located mostly in suburban areas, with non-Hispanic white residents making up a majority of the population (between 53%<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census profile: Kane County, IL |url=https://censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US17089-kane-county-il/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Census Reporter |language=en}}</ref> and 75%<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census profile: McHenry County, IL |url=https://censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US17111-mchenry-county-il/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Census Reporter |language=en}}</ref>) in every metropolitan county other than [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]], while making up only 31.7% of the population in the city of Chicago itself.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census profile: Chicago, IL |url=https://censusreporter.org/profiles/16000US1714000-chicago-il/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Census Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Within Chicago, there is significant [[racial segregation]], with the white population concentrated primarily on the [[North Side, Chicago|North Side]] of the city, while many predominantly African-American or Hispanic neighborhoods on the [[West Side, Chicago|West Side]] and [[South Side, Chicago|South Side]] of the city have almost no non-Hispanic white residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Serrato |first=Jacqueline |last2=Sier |first2=Pat |last3=Runes |first3=Charmaine |last4=Weekly |first4=South Side |date=2022-02-17 |title=Mapping Chicago’s Racial Segregation {{!}} FIRSTHAND: Segregation |url=https://www.wttw.com/firsthand/segregation/mapping-chicago-racial-segregation |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=WTTW Chicago |language=en}}</ref>

The largest European ancestry reported in Illinois is [[German Americans|German]]. 1,983,050 Illinoisans, or 15.8% of the total population, identify with German ancestry, making it the single largest ancestry group in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> German ancestry predominates among the white population in every county in [[northern Illinois]], as well as most counties in the southwestern part of the state, while [[English Americans|English-Americans]], making up 6.8% of Illinois' population, predominate in most of the southeastern counties.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=US Census |title=Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/detailed-race-ethnicities-2020-census.html |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Census.gov |language=en}}</ref> The state's white population also includes a large number of [[Irish people|Irish]] (10.5%), [[Polish Americans|Polish]] (6.1%), and [[Italian Americans|Italian-Americans]] (5.5%), with these groups concentrated mainly in Chicago and the surrounding suburbs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=31000US16980&primary_geo_id=31000US16980 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> Illinois' Polish-American population of 761,948 is the highest out of any state. The state is also home to a significant population of other [[Eastern Europe|Eastern European]] ethnicities, also largely concentrated around the Chicago area, including 86,814 [[Russian Americans|Russians]], 83,679 [[Czech Americans|Czechs]], 71,279 [[Ukrainian Americans|Ukrainians]], and 35,407 [[Croatian Americans|Croatians]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cpercentage |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Census profile: Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN Metro Area |url=https://censusreporter.org/profiles/31000US16980-chicago-naperville-elgin-il-in-metro-area/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Census Reporter |language=en}}</ref>

Most Illinoisans who report any European ancestry identify with multiple ancestries. Those of partial descent make up the majority of most European ancestry groups in Illinois, including 58% of Polish-Americans, 68% of English-Americans, 69% of German-Americans, and 75% of Irish-Americans in the state. Of all European ancestries numbering over 50,000 in Illinois, those identifying solely with that ancestry are only a majority among the state's 71,279 [[Ukrainian Americans|Ukrainian-Americans]], with two thirds of this group identifying as Ukrainian alone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04004 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04004&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> 

Along with white residents reporting multiple European ancestries, around 3% of the state's population identifies as non-Hispanic white in combination with another racial group.<ref name=":9" /> Additionally, while those of Hispanic ethnicity are not distinguished between total and partial Hispanic origin, an estimated 1.7% of Illinois' population are Hispanics who report a non-Spanish European ancestry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPUMS USA |url=https://usa.ipums.org/usa/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=usa.ipums.org}}</ref>

Non-Hispanic whites have the second highest per-capita income of any racial group in the state, at $53,591, just slightly below that of Asians.<ref name=":8" /> The white poverty rate, at only 8.3%, is the lowest of all major racial or ethnic groups in the state, including Asians.<ref name=":7" /> The median age of non-Hispanic white residents is the oldest of all racial or ethnic groups in the state, at 44.2 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B01002H - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B01002H&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17 |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> 

==== Arab Americans ====
The state is home to a significant Middle Eastern population, with 101,464 people (0.8% of the population) identifying as [[Arab Americans|Arab]].'''''{{efn|Arabs and other Middle Eastern Americans are classified as racially 'white' by the Census Bureau}}'''''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> 71,422, (0.6% of the population) identify as Arab alone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04004 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04004&geo_ids=04000US17&primary_geo_id=04000US17#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> The highest concentration of Arab-Americans in the state are found in the southern suburbs of Chicago, in the towns of [[Bridgeview, Illinois|Brigeview]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=16000US1708225&primary_geo_id=16000US1708225 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> [[Oak Lawn, Illinois|Oak Lawn]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=16000US1754820&primary_geo_id=16000US1754820 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> [[Palos Hills, Illinois|Palos Hills]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=16000US1757394&primary_geo_id=16000US1757394 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> and [[Hickory Hills, Illinois|Hickory Hills]], where they make up between 5-12% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=16000US1734514&primary_geo_id=16000US1734514 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref>

==== Demographic Trends ====
{{as of|2023}}, 50% of Illinois's population younger than age 18 were minorities. This marks an increase from 2010, when 47% of children in the state were minorities, and 2000, when 41% were minorities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child population by race and ethnicity {{!}} KIDS COUNT Data Center |url=https://datacenter.aecf.org/data/tables/103-child-population-by-race-and-ethnicity?loc=15&loct=2#detailed/2/15/false/2545,133,11/72,66,67,8367,69,70,71,12/423,424 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=datacenter.aecf.org |language=en}}</ref> (Note: Children born to white Hispanics or to a sole full or partial minority parent are counted as minorities. Arabs are classified as white in census data.).<ref>{{Cite web |title=IECAM |url=https://db.iecam.illinois.edu/search.asp |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=db.iecam.illinois.edu}}</ref> 

The state's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from 83.5% in 1970<ref>{{cite web |title=Illinois QuickFacts |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17000.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401070310/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17000.html |archive-date=April 1, 2009 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> to 58.5% in 2022.<ref name=CensusACS2022>{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B03002&g=040XX00US17 |title=B03002 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE—Illinois—2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |date=July 1, 2022 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=September 15, 2023 |archive-date=October 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007044801/https://data.census.gov/table?q=B03002&g=040XX00US17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Almost 60% of Illinois' minority population, including over 67% of the black population, lives in [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]], while the county includes around 40% of the state's total population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census profile: Cook County, IL |url=http://censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US17031-cook-county-il/ |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Census Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Cook County, which is home to [[Chicago]], is the only [[Majority minority in the United States|majority-minority]] county within Illinois, with non-Hispanic whites making up a plurality of 40.4% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03002 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03002&geo_ids=05000US17031&primary_geo_id=05000US17031 |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> Despite being the most ethnically diverse state in the Midwest, urban areas in Illinois have had a persistently high level of [[racial segregation]], with a study from the [[Brookings Institution|Brookings Institute]] finding that the Chicago area has the third highest level of black-white [[residential segregation]] out of all major metropolitan areas in the United States.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=Infographic: Northeast Has the Highest Black-White Segregation |url=https://www.statista.com/chart/27566/major-us-metro-areas-with-highest-black-white-neighborhood-segregation/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Statista Daily Data |language=en}}</ref>