Editing Iconoclasm (section)

=== From the Mamluk dynasty onward ===
Historical records which were compiled by the Muslim historian Maulana Hakim Saiyid Abdul Hai attest to the religious violence which occurred during the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]] under [[Qutb-ud-din Aybak]]. The first mosque built in Delhi, the "[[Qutb Minar complex#Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque|Quwwat al-Islam]]" was built with demolished parts of 20 Hindu and Jain temples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/233/|title=Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref><ref>Welch, Anthony, and Howard Crane. 1983. "The Tughluqs: Master Builders of the Delhi Sultanate." ''[[Muqarnas (journal)|Muqarnas]]'' 1:123–166. {{JSTOR|1523075}}:

The [[Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque|Quwwatu'l-Islam]] was built with the remains of demolished Hindu and Jain temples.</ref> This pattern of iconoclasm was common during his reign.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pritchett |first=Frances W. |title=Indian routes: Some memorable ventures, adventures, and other happenings, in and about south Asia: 1200–1299 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routes/1200_1299/index_1200_1299.html|via=Columbia University}}</ref>

During the [[Delhi Sultanate]], a Muslim army led by [[Malik Kafur]], a general of [[Alauddin Khalji]], pursued four violent campaigns into south India, between 1309 and 1311, against the Hindu kingdoms of Devgiri (Maharashtra), Warangal (Telangana), Dwarasamudra (Karnataka) and Madurai (Tamil Nadu). Many Temples were plundered; [[Hoysaleswara Temple]] and others were ruthlessly destroyed.<ref>Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, A History of India, 3rd Edition, Routledge, 1998, {{ISBN|0-415-15482-0}}, pp. 160–161</ref><ref>Roshen Dalal (2002). The Puffin History of India for Children, 3000 BC – AD 1947. Penguin Books. p. 195. {{ISBN|978-0-14-333544-3}}.</ref>

In Kashmir, [[Sikandar Shah Miri]] (1389–1413) began expanding, and unleashed religious violence that earned him the name ''but-shikan'', or 'idol-breaker'.<ref>[[Martijn Theodoor Houtsma|Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor]]. ''E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936'', Volume 4. Leiden: Brill. {{ISBN|90-04-097902}}. p. 793</ref> He earned this [[sobriquet]] because of the sheer scale of desecration and destruction of Hindu and Buddhist temples, shrines, ashrams, hermitages, and other holy places in what is now known as Kashmir and its neighboring territories. [[Firishta]] states, "After the emigration of the [[Brahmin]]s, Sikundur ordered all the temples in Kashmeer to be thrown down."<ref name="Firishta 1829–1981 Reprint">{{cite book|last=Firishta|first=Muhammad Qāsim Hindū Shāh|title=Tārīkh-i-Firishta|year=1981|location=New Delhi|translator=John Briggs|trans-title=History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India|author-link=Firishta|orig-year=1829}}</ref> He destroyed vast majority of Hindu and Buddhist temples in his reach in Kashmir region (north and northwest India).<ref>Elliot and Dowson. "The Muhammadan Period." pp. 457–459 in ''The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians'', Vol. 6. London: [[Trübner & Co.|Trubner & Co.]] p. 457.</ref>

In the 1460s, [[Kapilendra Deva|Kapilendra]], founder of the [[Suryavamsi Gajapati dynasty]], sacked the [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] and [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] temples in the [[Cauvery]] delta in the course of wars of conquest in the [[Tamil country]]. [[Vijayanagara]] king [[Krishnadevaraya]] looted a [[Bala Krishna]] temple in Udayagiri in 1514, and looted a [[Vitthala]] temple in [[Pandharpur]] in 1520.<ref name="Eaton-dec" /><ref name="Eaton-sep" /><ref name="Eaton 2004" />

A regional tradition, along with the Hindu text ''[[Madala Panji]]'', states that [[Kalapahar]] attacked and damaged the [[Konark Sun Temple]]
in 1568, as well as many others in Orissa.<ref>{{cite book | last=Donaldson | first=Thomas | title=Konark | publisher=Oxford University Press | publication-place=New Delhi | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-19-567591-7 | oclc=52861120 |pages=26–28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Behera | first=Mahendra Narayan | title=Brownstudy on heathenland: A book on Indology | publisher=University Press of America | publication-place=Lanham, MD | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-7618-2652-1 | oclc=53385077|pages=146–147}}</ref>

Some of the most dramatic cases of iconoclasm by Muslims are found in parts of India where Hindu and Buddhist temples were razed and mosques erected in their place. [[Aurangzeb]], the 6th [[Mughal Emperor]], destroyed the famous Hindu temples at [[Varanasi]] and [[Mathura]], turning back on his ancestor Akbar's policy of religious freedom and establishing [[Sharia]] across his empire.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pauwels|first1=Heidi|last2=Bachrach|first2=Emilia|date=2018|title=Aurangzeb as Iconoclast? Vaishnava Accounts of the Krishna images' Exodus from Braj|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/aurangzeb-as-iconoclast-vaishnava-accounts-of-the-krishna-images-exodus-from-braj/E38DFDADE1A61737AC9D24394EF11F4C|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society|language=en|volume=28|issue=3|pages=485–508|doi=10.1017/S1356186318000019|s2cid=165273975|issn=1356-1863}}</ref><!-- Should be deleted - covered above. * The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] had a period of [[Byzantine iconoclasm]] during the late medieval years, in which some groups destroyed the church's religious imagery.
* During the [[Protestant Reformation]] and the [[European wars of religion]], known as the [[Beeldenstorm]] in the Netherlands, [[Protestant]]s removed and/or destroyed [[Catholic Church|traditional Catholic]] images in churches, including paintings, sculptures and other representations. In some instances, Protestants destroyed the imagery of other Protestants. Similarly, in England Protestants removed or destroyed Catholic images during the Reformation and the founding of the Anglican Church under Henry VIII. --><!-- Delete * During the [[French Revolution]] of the late 18th century, people widely destroyed Catholic religious and monarchical imagery. -->