Editing Hypnotherapy (section)

===Other uses===

Historically hypnotism was used therapeutically by some [[Psychiatry|psychiatrists]] in the Victorian era, to treat the condition then known as [[hysteria]].<ref name="Crimlisk">{{Cite journal |title=Conversion hysteria: History, diagnostic issues, and clinical practice |journal=Cognitive Neuropsychiatry |vauthors=Crimlisk HL, Ron MA |pages=165–180 |volume=4 |issue=3 |year=1999 |doi=10.1080/135468099395909}}</ref>

Modern hypnotherapy has been used to treat certain habit disorders and control irrational fears,<ref name="Crawford">{{Cite book |chapter=Phobias and intense fears: Facilitating their treatment with hypnosis |vauthors=Crawford HJ, Barabasz AF |veditors=Rhue JW, Lynn SJ, Kirsch I |year=1993 |title=Handbook of clinical hypnosis |pages=311–337 |location=Washington, DC, US |publisher=American Psychological Association |doi=10.1037/10274-015|isbn=978-1-55798-440-1}}</ref> and [[addiction]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Katz NW |title=Hypnosis and the addictions: a critical review |journal=Addictive Behaviors |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=41–47 |date=1980-01-01 |pmid=6994434 |doi=10.1016/0306-4603(80)90020-9}}</ref>

* A 2003 meta-analysis on the efficacy of hypnotherapy concluded that "the efficacy of hypnosis is not verified for a considerable part of the spectrum of psychotherapeutic practice."<ref name=flammer>{{cite journal| vauthors=Flammer E, Bongartz W |title=On the efficacy of hypnosis: a meta-analytic study.|journal=Contemporary Hypnosis|volume=20|issue=4|year=2003|pages=179–197|url=http://www.hypnose-kikh.de/content/Metaanalyse-Flammer-2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222004606/http://www.hypnose-kikh.de/content/Metaanalyse-Flammer-2004.pdf|archive-date=22 February 2016|url-status=dead|doi=10.1002/ch.277}}</ref>
* In 2007, a meta-analysis from the Cochrane Collaboration found that the therapeutic effect of hypnotherapy was "superior to that of a waiting list control or usual medical management, for abdominal pain and composite primary IBS symptoms, in the short term in patients who fail standard medical therapy", with no harmful side-effects. However, the authors noted that the quality of data available was inadequate to draw firm conclusions.<ref name=Cochrane2007>{{cite journal |vauthors=Webb AN, Kukuruzovic RH, Catto-Smith AG, Sawyer SM |title=Hypnotherapy for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue=4 |pages=CD005110 |date=October 2007 |pmid=17943840 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005110.pub2}}</ref>
* Two Cochrane reviews in 2012 concluded that there was insufficient evidence to support its efficacy in managing the pain of childbirth<ref name=Cochrane2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jones L, Othman M, Dowswell T, Alfirevic Z, Gates S, Newburn M, Jordan S, Lavender T, Neilson JP |display-authors=6 |title=Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=CD009234 |date=March 2012 |pmid=22419342 |pmc=7132546 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2 |veditors=Neilson JP}}</ref> or post-natal depression.<ref name=Cochrane2012b/>
* A 2014 meta-analysis that focused on hypnotherapy's efficacy on irritable bowel syndrome found that it was beneficial for short-term abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal issues.'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Han Hee |last2=Choi |first2=Yoon Young |last3=Choi |first3=Myung-Gyu |date=April 2014 |title=The Efficacy of Hypnotherapy in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |journal=Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=152–162 |doi=10.5056/jnm.2014.20.2.152 |issn=2093-0879 |pmc=4015203 |pmid=24840368}}</ref>'''
* In 2016, a literature review published in ''[[La Presse Médicale]]'' found that there is not sufficient evidence to "support the efficacy of hypnosis in chronic anxiety disorders".<ref name="Pelissolo">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pelissolo A |title=Hypnosis for anxiety and phobic disorders: A review of clinical studies |journal=Presse Médicale |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=284–290 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26944812 |doi=10.1016/j.lpm.2015.12.002}}</ref>
* In 2019, a Cochrane review was unable to find evidence of a benefit of hypnosis in smoking cessation and suggested that if there is, it is small at best.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Barnes J, McRobbie H, Dong CY, Walker N, Hartmann-Boyce J |title=Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2019 |issue=6 |pages=CD001008 |date=June 2019 |pmid=31198991 |pmc=6568235 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001008.pub3 |collaboration=Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group}}</ref>
* A 2019 meta-analysis of hypnosis as a treatment for anxiety found that "the average participant receiving hypnosis reduced anxiety more than about 79% of control participants,"<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019 |title=THE EFFICACY OF HYPNOSIS AS A TREATMENT FOR ANXIETY: A META-ANALYSIS |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31251710/ |journal=The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=336–363 |doi=10.1080/00207144.2019.1613863 |issn=1744-5183 |pmid=31251710}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Checklist |first=Anxiety |title=Hypnotherapy: Your Secret Weapon Against Anxiety Disorders {{!}} Anxiety Checklist |url=https://anxietychecklist.com/hypnotherapy-anxiety |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=anxietychecklist.com |language=en}}</ref> also noting that "hypnosis was more effective in reducing anxiety when combined with other psychological interventions than when used as a stand-alone treatment."<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Valentine KE, Milling LS, Clark LJ, Moriarty CL |title=The efficacy of hypnosis as a treatment for anxiety: ''a meta-analysis'' |journal=The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=336–363 |date=July 2019 |pmid=31251710 |doi=10.1080/00207144.2019.1613863 |s2cid=195763179}}</ref>