Editing Human skeleton (section)

===Osteoporosis===
{{Main|Osteoporosis}}
Osteoporosis is a disease of bone where there is reduced [[bone mineral density]], increasing the likelihood of [[bone fracture|fractures]].<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010>{{cite book|last=Britton|first=the editors Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston; illustrated by Robert|title=Davidson's principles and practice of medicine.|date=2010|publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-7020-3085-7|pages=1116–1121|edition=21st}}</ref>  Osteoporosis is defined by the [[World Health Organization]] in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 [[standard deviation]]s below peak bone mass, relative to the age and sex-matched average, as measured by [[dual energy X-ray absorptiometry]], with the term "established osteoporosis" including the presence of a [[fragility fracture]].<ref name=WHO1994>{{cite journal |author=WHO |title=Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group |journal=World Health Organization Technical Report Series |volume=843 |pages=1–129 |year=1994 |pmid=7941614 }}</ref> Osteoporosis is most common in women after [[menopause]], when it is called "postmenopausal osteoporosis", but may develop in men and premenopausal women in the presence of particular hormonal disorders and other [[Chronic (medicine)|chronic]] diseases or as a result of [[tobacco smoking|smoking]] and [[medication]]s, specifically [[glucocorticoid]]s.<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010 /> Osteoporosis usually has no symptoms until a fracture occurs.<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010 /> For this reason, DEXA scans are often done in people with one or more risk factors, who have developed osteoporosis and be at risk of fracture.<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010 />

Osteoporosis treatment includes advice to stop smoking, decrease alcohol consumption, exercise regularly, and have a healthy diet. [[Calcium]] supplements may also be advised, as may [[vitamin D]]. When medication is used, it may include [[bisphosphonate]]s, [[strontium ranelate]], and osteoporosis may be one factor considered when commencing [[hormone replacement therapy]].<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010 />